Yourdon and Coad Diagram
OOAD is simply an abbreviation for the term of “object-oriented analysis and design”, which is a very popular technical approach used for designing and analyzing any needed application, business or system in a way of applying the object-oriented programming. The mentioned approach involves the visual modelling throughout the life cycles development to foster better product quality and stakeholder communication.
OOAD in the modern software engineering is known to be best conducted in both incremental and iterative ways. The outputs of the OOAD activities, the analysis models for OOA as well as the design models for OOD are refined. Each software life cycle is usually divided up into at least a few stages: from abstract descriptions of the problem to designs to code as well as process of testing all the way to the deployment stage. The earliest stages of such process are analysis and design. The analysis phase is also known to be called as the "requirements acquisition".
In some approaches to the software development, such as the so-called “waterfall models”, the boundaries between each of the stages are meant to be sequential and rigid. The term "waterfall" itself is known to be coined for such methodologies in order to signify that the progress goes in one direction only. For example, once analysis is complete then its design can begin and it is not a usual thing for such situation to happen when a design issue requires a change in the analysis model or when, for instance, a coding issue requires some changes in design.
The alternative to the described “waterfall models” are the “iterative models”. The mentioned distinction was popularized by Barry Boehm while he was working on his Spiral Model trying to develop the software. In case of the “iterative models”, it is always possible to do work in a few different stages of the model in parallel. Thus, for example, it is always possible and acceptable to work on design, analysis and code on the same day having issues from one stage impact issues to another one. The software development is known to be a knowledge-intensive process and the things such as analysis cannot be realized without understanding the design issues as well as the coding issues affecting design.
The object-oriented model focuses on the re-usability as well as on modularity. The main goal of the object-oriented approach is to please the so-called "open-closed principle". A module is known to be “open” in case it supports extension. In case the module provides the standardized ways to add the new behaviours or to describe the new states. In the object-oriented paradigm it is often accomplished in a way of creating a new subclass of the existing class. Any module is known to be closed in case it has a well-defined stable interface that all of the other modules have to use and that limits the interaction as well as the potential errors that can be introduced into only one module by the changes in another.
Any software life cycle is known to be divided up into a few stages going from the abstract descriptions of the problem to design then to code, later — to the testing stage and later, finally, to the stage of deployment. The early stages of this process are stage of design and stage of analysis. There is a distinction between design and analysis which can sometimes be described as "how vs. what". In the analysis the developers are known to be working with the users as well as the domain experts try to define what system is supposed to do. The implementation details are expected to be totally or mostly ignored at this stage depending on the method itself.
The major difference between the object-oriented analysis and any other form of analysis is that by the object-oriented approach we can organize the requirements around objects, that integrate both data (states) and processes (behaviours), which were modelled after the real world objects which some particular system interacts with. In the so-called “traditional analysis methodologies”, the processes and data (the states and behaviours) are considered separately from each other. You can always visualize your data modelled by the Entity-Relationship diagram, for example, and the behaviours in the way of the flow or structure charts. To make any of the mentioned illustration you can always use ConceptDraw DIAGRAM software as well as any needed solution downloaded from another product of CS Odessa — ConceptDraw STORE.
Example 1. Data Flow Diagram (DFD) Solution in ConceptDraw STORE
The primary tasks in the OOA (object-oriented analysis) are to find the objects, to organize these objects, to describe the way how the objects interact with each other, to define the behaviour of the mentioned objects and so to define the internals of such objects. The common models which are used within OOA are object models and use cases. The object models are known to be those which are used for describing the class relations, such as a circle to be a subclass of a shape, for example, operations, properties and names of the major objects. The user-interface prototypes or mock-ups can also be created in order to help simplify the understanding. The use cases are known to be describing the scenarios for the standard domain functions which the system is expected to accomplish.
Example 2. Yourdon and Coad diagram — Order Process
Being involved in the OOA as well as OOAD you might find it very useful to have an OOAD solution downloaded from the ConceptDraw STORE application to use while working in ConceptDraw DIAGRAM software creating any needed diagrams. Having all the needed tools can simplify your work with making the diagrams, such as the Yourdon and Coad ones. Peter Coad and Edward Yourdon developed the so-called “Coad/Yourdon method” used for the OOA. Object-oriented analysis and design (OOAD) is a popular technical approach for analyzing an application, designing the system or business in a way of applying the object-oriented paradigm. Being involved in such activity you may find ConceptDraw DIAGRAM a very useful professional tool for making any needed OOA diagrams.
ConceptDraw DIAGRAM is a perfect tool for:
- Designing and planning tasks such as:
- Developing Visualization Solutions
- Project Planning (Gantt Charts, Timelines, Project Schedules)
TEN RELATED HOW TO's:
The first thing that usually comes to mind when talking about database models is ER-diagrams, and the ways to create them. The second most recognizable notation is the Crow’s Foot, which visually differs from Chen’s notation. Actually, it doesn’t matter which notation you’ll use for your entity relationship diagram (ERD), but the content is what matters.
When designing an Entity-Relationship Diagram one need to use a certain notated symbols that were developed and standardized especially for databases description. First of them - the Chen’s notation had a linguistic origin. It includes rectangle boxes to show entities that may be described as nouns, and the relationships between them described as verbs depicted in a form of diamond. Finally the Chen’s notation was simplified up to the Crow’s Foot notation. It represents a relationship as labeled line. It is precisely this notation is shown in the given figure. ConceptDraw DIAGRAM together with its Entity-Relationship Diagram (ERD) solution is designed to support professionals who deals with creating ER diagrams using the element of both - Chen’s and Crow's Foot notations.
Picture: Design Element: Crows Foot for Entity Relationship Diagram - ERD
Related Solution:
Data base diagrams describes inter-related data and tables. It describes roles and relationships, internal and external dependencies, data exchange conventions and structures of knowledge domain.
ConceptDraw Software provides number of data-base chart libraries including major 49 vector symbols. Use these DFD flowchart symbol libraries to design data-base structure and models, use it to design data base process-oriented models, or simple data-oriented models. The are special drawing tools for making data flowcharts, data process diagrams, structured analysis diagrams, and information flow diagrams.
Picture: Database Flowchart Symbols
Related Solution:
Any information system receives data flows from external sources. In order to visualize them there is a list of data flow diagram symbols that describes how the system components cooperate. If you want to create a data flow diagram, ConceptDraw DIAGRAM Solution Park has DFD Library that contains both Yourdon and Gane-Sarson notations.
This figure shows the content of vector libraries, delivered with ConceptDraw solution for data flow diagram (DFD). There are three libraries composed from about 50 vector objects used to make data flow diagrams.
They include a complete set of objects utilized by Yourdon-Coad and Gane-Sarson notations - two primary notations that are apply for data flow diagramming. Also, one can discover additional "Data flow diagram (DFD)" library that provides a data flow diagram elements for designing level 1 and context-level data flow diagrams.
Picture: Data Flow Diagram Symbols. DFD Library
Related Solution:
This sample was created in ConceptDraw DIAGRAM software using the Flowcharts solution.
Picture:
Copying Service Process Flowchart.
Flowchart Examples
Related Solution:
Data Flow Diagram is used to depict the flow of data through the system, where it enters and exits the system, as well as where it is stored. To simplify the process of drawing a data flow diagram (DFD), ConceptDraw DIAGRAM provides a DFD Library - design elements that will help you make your diagram as informative, streamlined and understandable as possible. Data flow diagrams are useful to create a general overview of the system or to document major data flows.
Here are the library of symbols used in data flow diagrams (DFD). Data Flow diagrams are graphic means of business process visualization. Any business process may involve the data transfer. It can be easily shown using data flow diagrams. DFDs are used to represent the processing and transformation of data within a business process. One can find out the Vector library of DFD symbols, that is a component of ConceptDraw solution for Data Flow Diagramming and is welcome to use in as addition to the common Conceptdraw DIAGRAM diagramming facilities.
Picture: DFD Library — Design elements
Related Solution:
IT world is extremely rational and logical. So what can be more precise than Software Diagrams to rate the results of work? Visual statistics is the best way to understand the data.
This figure demonstrates the data flow diagram (DFD), which was created to describe the electronic system of custom purchase. This is the process of buying using electronic bar code scanning system. Such systems are used in large stores. The cashier scans the bar code, the system outputs the data on the price of the goods and carries out a purchase process. This DFD utilizes the Gane/Sarson notation. To create it The ConceptDraw DFD solution has been applied.
Picture: Software Diagrams
A waterfall model describes software development process as a sequence of phases that flow downwards. SSADM is one of the implementations of waterfall method. It’s easier to learn about structured systems analysis and design method (SSADM) with ConceptDraw DIAGRAM because this software has appropriate tools for creating data flow diagrams. You can use all the three main techniques of SSADM method with special tools and predesigned templates.
This data flow diagram illustrates the Structured Systems Analysis and Design Method. This method method considers analysis, projecting and documenting of information systems. Data flow models are the most important elements of SSADM and data flow diagrams are usually used for their description. It includes the analysis and description of a system as well as visualization of possible issues.
Picture: Structured Systems Analysis and Design Method. SSADM with ConceptDraw DIAGRAM
Related Solution:
There are many ways to define the flow of information within a system. Structured-systems analysis method often uses data flow diagrams to show data flow, data storages and data processing visualization. These diagrams are easy to develop and quite useful.
Here is a dataflow diagram presenting an example of the manufacturing process flow. The oval process shapes represent a process that controls data within the current system. The process may produce data or make some action based on data. Data flows are represented by lines. They show the movement of information through the system. The direction of the data flow is depicted by the arrow. The external entities are shown by rectangles. They represent the external entities interacting with the system. The data store objects (unclosed rectangles) are used to show data bases participating in a process flow.
Picture: Data Flow Diagram
Related Solution:
When we think of an hierarchy, we intuitively imagine a pyramid. Thus, a lot of management tools use pyramid charts as examples or illustrations of various documents or models. You can create any type of triangle diagram using ConceptDraw DIAGRAM.
A triangle (pyramid) diagram is often used in marketing to show the data hierarchy. This pyramid diagram represents the Top Brand Model. It illustrate the model of rebranding strategy. It can be used by marketing agency dealing with rebranding strategies development. It’s critical for marketing diagrams to be both clear and eye catching. ConceptDraw Pyramid diagrams solution meet all these requirements and can be successfully applied for creating and presenting various marketing pyramidal diagrams.
Picture: Pyramid Chart Examples
Related Solutions:
ConceptDraw DIAGRAM diagramming and vector drawing software offers the Marketing Diagrams Solution from the Marketing Area with extensive drawing tools, predesigned vector shapes, templates and samples for fast and easy drawing marketing charts and diagrams, marketing schemes and flow charts, various marketing illustrations, etc.
Picture: Marketing Charts
Related Solution: