This site uses cookies. By continuing to browse the ConceptDraw site you are agreeing to our Use of Site Cookies.
The vector stencils library "Pneumatic pumps and motors" contains 39 symbols of pneumatic pumps, motors and pump-motors for designing the engineering drawings of pneumatic circuits.
"A pneumatic motor or compressed air engine is a type of motor which does mechanical work by expanding compressed air. Pneumatic motors generally convert the compressed air energy to mechanical work through either linear or rotary motion. Linear motion can come from either a diaphragm or piston actuator, while rotary motion is supplied by either a vane type air motor or piston air motor." [Pneumatic motor. Wikipedia]
"A gas compressor is a mechanical device that increases the pressure of a gas by reducing its volume. An air compressor is a specific type of gas compressor.
Compressors are similar to pumps: both increase the pressure on a fluid and both can transport the fluid through a pipe. As gases are compressible, the compressor also reduces the volume of a gas. Liquids are relatively incompressible; while some can be compressed, the main action of a pump is to pressurize and transport liquids." [Gas compressor. Wikipedia]
The shapes example "Design elements - Pneumatic pumps and motors" was created using the ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software extended with the Mechanical Engineering solution from the Engineering area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
Pneumatic pump and motor symbols
Pneumatic pump and motor symbols, variable displacement pump, variable displacement pneumatic pump motor, variable displacement pneumatic pump, variable displacement pneumatic motor, pump, pneumatic, pump, motor, pneumatic, pneumatic variable displacement pump motor, pneumatic variable displacement pump, pneumatic variable displacement motor, pneumatic pump motor, pneumatic pump, motor, pneumatic, fixed displacement pump motor, fixed displacement pump, fixed displacement pneumatic pump, fixed displacement pneumatic motor, fixed displacement motor,
The vector stencils library "Hydraulic pumps and motors" contains 74 symbols of hydraulic pump vector stencils, hydraulic motor symbols for engineering drawings of fluid power and hydraulic control systems.
"Hydraulic pumps are used in hydraulic drive systems and can be hydrostatic or hydrodynamic.
Hydrostatic pumps are positive displacement pumps while hydrodynamic pumps can be fixed displacement pumps, in which the displacement (flow through the pump per rotation of the pump) cannot be adjusted, or variable displacement pumps, which have a more complicated construction that allows the displacement to be adjusted." [Hydraulic pump. Wikipedia]
"A hydraulic motor is a mechanical actuator that converts hydraulic pressure and flow into torque and angular displacement (rotation). The hydraulic motor is the rotary counterpart of the hydraulic cylinder.
Conceptually, a hydraulic motor should be interchangeable with a hydraulic pump because it performs the opposite function - much as the conceptual DC electric motor is interchangeable with a DC electrical generator. However, most hydraulic pumps cannot be used as hydraulic motors because they cannot be backdriven. Also, a hydraulic motor is usually designed for the working pressure at both sides of the motor.
Hydraulic pumps, motors, and cylinders can be combined into hydraulic drive systems. One or more hydraulic pumps, coupled to one or more hydraulic motors, constitutes a hydraulic transmission." [Hydraulic motor. Wikipedia]
The shapes example "Design elements - Hydraulic pumps and motors" was created using the ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software extended with the Mechanical Engineering solution from the Engineering area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
Hydraulic pump and motor symbols
Hydraulic pump and motor symbols, variable displacement pump, variable displacement hydraulic pump, variable displacement hydraulic motor, pressure compensator, hydraulic variable displacement pump motor, hydraulic variable displacement pump, hydraulic variable displacement motor, hydraulic pump motor, hydraulic pump, hydraulic motor, floating motor, fixed displacement pump motor, fixed displacement pump, fixed displacement motor, fixed displacement hydraulic pump, fixed displacement hydraulic motor,
The vector stencils library "Pumps" contains 82 symbols of pumps, compressors, fans, turbines, and power generators.
Use these icons to design pumping systems, air and fluid compression systems, and industrial process diagrams.
"A pump is a device that moves fluids (liquids or gases), or sometimes slurries, by mechanical action. Pumps can be classified into three major groups according to the method they use to move the fluid: direct lift, displacement, and gravity pumps.
Pumps operate by some mechanism (typically reciprocating or rotary), and consume energy to perform mechanical work by moving the fluid. Pumps operate via many energy sources, including manual operation, electricity, engines, or wind power, come in many sizes, from microscopic for use in medical applications to large industrial pumps.
Mechanical pumps serve in a wide range of applications such as pumping water from wells, aquarium filtering, pond filtering and aeration, in the car industry for water-cooling and fuel injection, in the energy industry for pumping oil and natural gas or for operating cooling towers. In the medical industry, pumps are used for biochemical processes in developing and manufacturing medicine, and as artificial replacements for body parts, in particular the artificial heart and penile prosthesis.
In biology, many different types of chemical and bio-mechanical pumps have evolved, and biomimicry is sometimes used in developing new types of mechanical pumps." [Pump. Wikipedia]
The example "Design elements - Pumps" was created using the ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software extended with the Chemical and Process Engineering solution from the Engineering area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
Pump symbols
Pump symbols, turbine, centrifugal, triple fan blades, shower, rotary pump, compressor, fan, rotary compressor, reciprocating, pump, compressor, positive displacement pump, pump, diaphragm, pump turbo molecular, pump screw, pump roots, pump reciprocating, pump piston, pump helical rotor, pump gear, pump gas ballast, pump, proportioning pump, metering pump, positive displacement, rotary pump, rotary compressor, motor driven, turbine, in-line pump, pump, fan, radial, fan, axial, fan blades, fan, compressor, roller vane, compressor, reciprocating diaphragm, compressor, ejector, compressor, container, compressor, centrifugal, compressor, axial flow, compressor turbo, compressor screw, compressor rotary, compressor reciprocating, compressor positive displacement, compressor liquid ring, compressor, centrifugal pump, centrifugal fan, axial flow fan, supply, wall-type, axial flow fan, supply, axial flow fan, exhaust, axial flow fan,  turbine, axial flow,
The vector stencils library "HVAC equipment" contains 26 symbols of HVAC equipment as pumps, fans, condensers, pipe coils, silencers, etc.
Use the design elements library "HVAC equipment" for drawing the HVAC system diagrams, heating, ventilation, air conditioning, refrigeration, automated building control and environmental control system layout floor plans using the ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software.
"HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) is the technology of indoor and vehicular environmental comfort. HVAC system design is a subdiscipline of mechanical engineering, based on the principles of thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, and heat transfer. Refrigeration is sometimes added to the field's abbreviation as HVAC&R or HVACR, or ventilating is dropped as in HACR (such as the designation of HACR-rated circuit breakers).
HVAC is important in the design of medium to large industrial and office buildings such as skyscrapers and in marine environments such as aquariums, where safe and healthy building conditions are regulated with respect to temperature and humidity, using fresh air from outdoors." [HVAC. Wikipedia]
The shapes library "HVAC equipment" is contained in the HVAC Plans solution from the Building Plans area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
HVAC equipment symbols
HVAC equipment symbols, silencer, rotary, screw pump, screw compressor, rotary pump, compressor, fan, refrigerant receiver, reciprocating pump, reciprocating compressor, pump, pipe coil, moisture eliminator, fan blades, dryer, condenser, water cooled, condenser, chiller, centrifugal pump, centrifugal compressor, centrifugal fan, axial fan, air filter,
The vector stencils library "Pumps" contains 82 symbols of pumps, compressors, fans, turbines, and power generators.
Use these icons to design pumping systems, air and fluid compression systems, and industrial process diagrams in the ConceptDraw PRO software extended with the Chemical and Process Engineering solution from the Chemical and Process Engineering area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
www.conceptdraw.com/ solution-park/ engineering-chemical-process
In-line pump
In-line pump, in-line pump, pump,
In-line pump 2
In-line pump 2, in-line pump, pump,
Positive displacement
Positive displacement, positive displacement, rotary pump, rotary compressor,
Centrifugal pump (arrows)
Centrifugal pump (arrows), centrifugal pump,
Centrifugal pump
Centrifugal pump, centrifugal pump,
Rotary pump 1
Rotary pump 1, rotary pump, compressor, fan,
Rotary pump 2
Rotary pump 2, rotary pump, compressor, fan,
Proportioning pump
Proportioning pump, proportioning pump, metering pump,
Pump vacuum
Pump vacuum, pump,
Pump positive displacement
Pump positive displacement, pump,
Pump piston
Pump piston, pump piston,
Pump liquid ring
Pump liquid ring, pump,
Pump oil-sealed rotary (single)
Pump oil-sealed rotary (single), pump,
Pump oil-sealed rotary (multi)
Pump oil-sealed rotary (multi), pump,
Pump roots
Pump roots, pump roots,
Pump gas ballast
Pump gas ballast, pump gas ballast,
Pump turbo molecular
Pump turbo molecular, pump turbo molecular,
Pump general
Pump general, pump,
Pump centrifugal
Pump centrifugal, pump,
Pump positive displacement 2
Pump positive displacement 2, pump,
Pump gear
Pump gear, pump,
Pump screw
Pump screw, pump screw,
Pump helical rotor
Pump helical rotor, pump,
Pump reciprocating
Pump reciprocating, pump,
Pump diaphragm
Pump diaphragm, pump, diaphragm,
Pump liquid jet
Pump liquid jet, pump,
Pump centrifugal 2
Pump centrifugal 2, pump,
Pump diaphragm 2
Pump diaphragm 2, pump, diaphragm,
Pump gear 2
Pump gear 2, pump gear,
Pump general 2
Pump general 2, pump,
Pump helical rotor 2
Pump helical rotor 2, pump helical rotor,
Pump reciprocating 2
Pump reciprocating 2, pump reciprocating,
Pump screw 2
Pump screw 2, pump screw,
Compressor general
Compressor general, compressor,
Compressor container
Compressor container, compressor, container,
Compressor rotary
Compressor rotary, compressor rotary,
Compressor screw
Compressor screw, compressor,
Compressor reciprocating
Compressor reciprocating, compressor reciprocating,
Compressor ejector
Compressor ejector, compressor, ejector,
Compressor general 2
Compressor general 2, compressor,
Compressor liquid ring
Compressor liquid ring, compressor liquid ring,
Compressor positive displacement
Compressor positive displacement, compressor positive displacement,
Compressor reciprocating 2
Compressor reciprocating 2, compressor reciprocating,
Compressor reciprocating diaphragm
Compressor reciprocating diaphragm, compressor, reciprocating diaphragm,
Compressor roller vane
Compressor roller vane,
Compressor rotary 2
Compressor rotary 2, compressor rotary,
Compressor screw 2
Compressor screw 2, compressor screw,
Compressor turbo
Compressor turbo, compressor turbo,
Compressor general 3
Compressor general 3, compressor,
Compressor reciprocating 3
Compressor reciprocating 3,
Compressor reciprocating diaphragm 2
Compressor reciprocating diaphragm 2, compressor, reciprocating diaphragm,
Compressor roller vane 2
Compressor roller vane 2, compressor, roller vane,
Compressor rotary 3
Compressor rotary 3, compressor rotary,
Compressor screw 3
Compressor screw 3, compressor screw,
Rotary compressor
Rotary compressor, rotary compressor,
Motor driven turbine
Motor driven turbine, motor driven, turbine,
Compressor (center line)
Compressor (center line), compressor, axial flow,
Compressor
Compressor, compressor, centrifugal,
Turbine
Turbine, turbine, centrifugal,
Turbine (center line)
Turbine (center line),  turbine, axial flow,
Reciprocating pump/compressor
Reciprocating pump/compressor, reciprocating, pump, compressor, positive displacement pump,
Reciprocating pump 2
Reciprocating pump 2, reciprocating, pump, compressor, positive displacement pump,
Fan general
Fan general, fan,
Fan radial
Fan radial, fan, radial,
Fan axial
Fan axial, fan, axial,
Fan general 2
Fan general 2, fan,
Fan radial 2
Fan radial 2, fan, radial,
Fan axial 2
Fan axial 2, fan, axial,
Centrifugal fan 2 (center circle)
Centrifugal fan 2 (center circle), centrifugal fan,
Centrifugal fan
Centrifugal fan, centrifugal fan,
Axial flow fan supply
Axial flow fan supply, axial flow fan, supply,
Axial flow fan exhaust
Axial flow fan exhaust, axial flow fan, exhaust,
Axial flow fan exhaust wall-type
Axial flow fan exhaust wall-type,
Axial flow fan supply wall-type
Axial flow fan supply wall-type, axial flow fan, supply, wall-type,
Axial flow fan 2
Axial flow fan 2, axial flow fan,
Ejector / injector
Ejector / injector,
Spray
Spray,
Shower
Shower, shower,
Fan blades horizontal
Fan blades horizontal, fan blades,
Fan blades vertical
Fan blades vertical, fan blades,
Fan blades (4)
Fan blades (4), fan blades,
Triple fan blades
Triple fan blades, triple fan blades,
The vector stencils library "Hydraulic pumps and motors" contains 74 symbols of hydraulic equipment.
Use these shapes for engineering drawings of fluid power and hydraulic control systems in the ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software extended with the Mechanical Engineering solution from the Engineering area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
www.conceptdraw.com/ solution-park/ engineering-mechanical
Pump, hydraulic
Pump, hydraulic, hydraulic pump,
Motor, hydraulic
Motor, hydraulic, hydraulic motor,
Pump-motor, hydraulic
Pump-motor, hydraulic, hydraulic pump motor,
Pump, fixed, external drain
Pump, fixed, external drain, fixed displacement hydraulic pump,
Pump, fixed, external drain
Pump, fixed, external drain, fixed displacement hydraulic pump,
Pump, variable
Pump, variable, variable displacement pump,
Pump, variable, external drain
Pump, variable, external drain, variable displacement hydraulic pump,
Pump, var., manual override
Pump, var., manual override, variable displacement pump,
Pump, var., manual override, drain
Pump, var., manual override, drain, variable displacement hydraulic pump,
Pump, var., solenoid
Pump, var., solenoid, hydraulic pump,
Pump, var., solenoid, drain
Pump, var., solenoid, drain, hydraulic pump,
Pump, var., solenoid 2
Pump, var., solenoid 2, hydraulic pump,
Pump, var., solenoid 2, drain
Pump, var., solenoid 2, drain, hydraulic pump,
Pump, var., var. solenoid
Pump, var., var. solenoid, variable displacement hydraulic pump,
Pump, var., var. solenoid, drain
Pump, var., var. solenoid, drain, variable displacement hydraulic pump,
Pump, var., var. solenoid 2
Pump, var., var. solenoid 2, hydraulic pump,
Pump, var., var. solenoid 2, drain
Pump, var., var. solenoid 2, drain, hydraulic pump,
Pump, var., var., roller
Pump, var., var., roller, hydraulic pump,
Pump, var., roller, drain
Pump, var., roller, drain, hydraulic pump,
Motor, fixed, external drain
Motor, fixed, external drain, fixed displacement hydraulic motor,
Motor, fixed, external drain
Motor, fixed, external drain, fixed displacement hydraulic motor,
Motor, variable
Motor, variable, variable displacement hydraulic motor,
Motor, variable, external drain
Motor, variable, external drain, variable displacement hydraulic motor,
Motor, var., manual override
Motor, var., manual override, variable displacement hydraulic motor,
Motor, var., manual override, drain
Motor, var., manual override, drain, variable displacement hydraulic motor,
Motor, var., solenoid
Motor, var., solenoid, variable displacement hydraulic motor,
Motor, var., solenoid, drain
Motor, var., solenoid, drain, variable displacement hydraulic motor,
Motor, var., solenoid 2
Motor, var., solenoid 2, variable displacement hydraulic motor,
Motor, var., solenoid 2, drain
Motor, var., solenoid 2, drain, variable displacement hydraulic motor,
Motor, var., var. solenoid
Motor, var., var. solenoid, variable displacement hydraulic motor,
Motor, var., var. solenoid, drain
Motor, var., var. solenoid, drain, variable displacement hydraulic motor,
Motor, var., var. solenoid 2
Motor, var., var. solenoid 2, variable displacement hydraulic motor,
Motor, var., var. solenoid 2, drain
Motor, var., var. solenoid 2, drain, variable displacement hydraulic motor,
Motor, var., var., roller
Motor, var., var., roller, variable displacement hydraulic motor,
Motor, var., roller, drain
Motor, var., roller, drain, variable displacement hydraulic motor,
Pump-motor, fixed, external drain
Pump-motor, fixed, external drain, hydraulic pump motor,
Pump-motor, fixed, external drain
Pump-motor, fixed, external drain, hydraulic pump motor,
Pump-motor, variable
Pump-motor, variable, hydraulic pump motor,
Pump-motor, variable, external drain
Pump-motor, variable, external drain, hydraulic pump motor,
Pump-motor, var., manual override
Pump-motor, var., manual override, hydraulic pump motor,
Pump-motor, var., manual override, drain
Pump-motor, var., manual override, drain, hydraulic pump motor,
Pump-motor, var., solenoid
Pump-motor, var., solenoid, hydraulic pump motor,
Pump-motor, var., solenoid, drain
Pump-motor, var., solenoid, drain, hydraulic pump motor,
Pump-motor, var., solenoid 2
Pump-motor, var., solenoid 2, hydraulic pump motor,
Pump-motor, var., solenoid 2, drain
Pump-motor, var., solenoid 2, drain, hydraulic pump motor,
Pump-motor, var., var. solenoid
Pump-motor, var., var. solenoid, hydraulic pump motor,
Pump-motor, var., var. solenoid, drain
Pump-motor, var., var. solenoid, drain, hydraulic pump motor,
Pump-motor, var., var. solenoid 2
Pump-motor, var., var. solenoid 2, hydraulic pump motor,
Pump-motor, var., var. solenoid 2, drain
Pump-motor, var., var. solenoid 2, drain, hydraulic pump motor,
Pump-motor, var., var., roller
Pump-motor, var., var., roller, hydraulic pump motor,
Pump-motor, var., roller, drain
Pump-motor, var., roller, drain, hydraulic pump motor,
Pump, fixed 2
Pump, fixed 2, fixed displacement pump,
Pump, fixed 2, drain
Pump, fixed 2, drain, fixed displacement pump,
Pump, variable (sgl side)
Pump, variable (sgl side), hydraulic variable displacement pump,
Pump, variable (sgl side), drain
Pump, variable (sgl side), drain, hydraulic variable displacement pump,
Pump, variable (dbl side)
Pump, variable (dbl side), hydraulic variable displacement pump,
Pump, variable (dbl side), drain
Pump, variable (dbl side), drain, hydraulic variable displacement pump,
Motor, fixed 2
Motor, fixed 2, fixed displacement motor,
Motor, variable (sgl side)
Motor, variable (sgl side), hydraulic variable displacement motor,
Motor, variable (dbl side)
Motor, variable (dbl side), hydraulic variable displacement motor,
Motor, fixed 2, drain
Motor, fixed 2, drain, fixed displacement motor,
Motor, variable (sgl side), drain
Motor, variable (sgl side), drain, hydraulic variable displacement motor,
Motor, variable (dbl side), drain
Motor, variable (dbl side), drain, hydraulic variable displacement motor,
Pump-motor, fixed 2
Pump-motor, fixed 2, fixed displacement pump motor,
Pump-motor, fixed 2, drain
Pump-motor, fixed 2, drain, fixed displacement pump motor,
Pump-motor, variable (sgl side)
Pump-motor, variable (sgl side), hydraulic variable displacement pump motor,
Pump-motor, variable (sgl side), drain
Pump-motor, variable (sgl side), drain, hydraulic variable displacement pump motor,
Pump-motor, variable (dbl side)
Pump-motor, variable (dbl side), hydraulic variable displacement pump motor,
Pump-motor, variable (dbl side), drain
Pump-motor, variable (dbl side), drain, hydraulic variable displacement pump motor,
Pump, variable displacement
Pump, variable displacement, variable displacement pump,
Motor, variable displacement
Motor, variable displacement, variable displacement hydraulic motor,
Pump-motor, variable displacement
Pump-motor, variable displacement, hydraulic pump motor,
Floating motor
Floating motor, floating motor,
Pressure compensator
Pressure compensator, pressure compensator,
The vector stencils library "HVAC equipment" contains 26 symbols of HVAC equipment. Use it for drawing HVAC system diagrams, heating, ventilation, air conditioning, refrigeration, automated building control and environmental control system layout floor plans in the ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software extended with the HVAC Plans solution from the Building Plans area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
Rotary pump
Rotary pump, rotary pump, compressor, fan,
Pump
Pump, pump,
Centrifugal pump
Centrifugal pump, centrifugal pump, centrifugal compressor,
Fan blades, hor.
Fan blades, hor., fan blades,
Fan blades, vert.
Fan blades, vert., fan blades,
Fan blades, 4
Fan blades, 4, fan blades,
Reciprocating pump
Reciprocating pump, reciprocating pump, reciprocating compressor,
Screw pump
Screw pump, rotary, screw pump, screw compressor,
Centrifugal fan
Centrifugal fan, centrifugal fan,
Centrifugal fan 2
Centrifugal fan 2, centrifugal fan,
Axial fan
Axial fan, axial fan,
Axial fan 2
Axial fan 2, axial fan,
Moisture eliminator
Moisture eliminator, moisture eliminator,
Condenser
Condenser, condenser,
Condenser, plate type
Condenser, plate type, condenser, water cooled,
Condenser, coil type
Condenser, coil type, condenser, water cooled,
Air filter
Air filter, air filter,
Dryer
Dryer, dryer,
Silencer
Silencer, silencer,
Silencer 2
Silencer 2, silencer,
Pipe coil
Pipe coil, pipe coil,
Pipe coil, fins
Pipe coil, fins, pipe coil,
Pipe coil, plate
Pipe coil, plate, pipe coil,
Pipe coil, plate, fins
Pipe coil, plate, fins, pipe coil,
Refrigerant receiver
Refrigerant receiver, refrigerant receiver,
Chiller
Chiller, chiller,
The vector stencils library "Plumbing" contains 31 symbols of plumbing components and bathroom fixtures. Use it for dawing plumbing and piping plans, schematic diagrams, blueprints of waste water disposal systems, hot and cold water supply systems in the ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software extended with the Plumbing and Piping Plans solution from the Building Plans area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
Boiler, flat ends
Boiler, flat ends, boiler, tank,
Boiler, curved ends
Boiler, curved ends, boiler, tank,
Boiler, angled ends
Boiler, angled ends, boiler, tank,
Heating/Cooling coil
Heating/Cooling coil, heating coil, cooling coil,
Pump
Pump, rotary pump, compressor, fan, pump,
Pump
Pump, pump,
Radiator
Radiator, radiator,
Convector
Convector, convector,
Convector, fan
Convector, fan, convector,
Radiant panel (plan), sgl
Radiant panel (plan), sgl, radiant panel,
Radiant panel (plan), dbl
Radiant panel (plan), dbl, radiant panel,
Heater/cooler, horizontal
Heater/cooler, horizontal, heater, cooler,
Heater/cooler, downward
Heater/cooler, downward, heater, cooler,
Radiant panel (face)
Radiant panel (face), radiant panel,
Tank, open
Tank, open, tank,
Tank, closed
Tank, closed,
Water surface
Water surface, water surface,
Pipe coils
Pipe coils, pipe coils,
Pipe coils, fins
Pipe coils, fins, pipe coils,
Pipe coils, break
Pipe coils, break, pipe coils,
Pipe coils, break, fins
Pipe coils, break, fins, pipe coils,
Sink unit
Sink unit, sink unit,
Basin
Basin, basin,
Toilet
Toilet, toilet,
Bath
Bath, bath,
Basin (side)
Basin (side), basin,
Toilet (side)
Toilet (side), toilet,
Bath (side)
Bath (side), bath,
End view
End view, end view,
Washing machine
Washing machine, washing machine, washer,
Shower head
Shower head, shower head,
Towel rail
Towel rail, towel rail,

chemical engineering, process engineering, process flow diagram symbols, process and instrumentation diagram, process diagrams Chemical and Process Engineering

chemical engineering, process engineering, process flow diagram symbols, process and instrumentation diagram, process diagrams
This chemical engineering solution extends ConceptDraw PRO v.9.5 (or later) with process flow diagram symbols, samples, process diagrams templates and libraries of design elements for creating process and instrumentation diagrams, block flow diagrams (BFD