Chemistry Drawings
that can be then successfully used in the field of science and education, on various conferences, and so on.
Chemistry Equation Symbols
Chemistry solution provides the Chemical Drawings Library with large quantity of vector chemistry equation symbols to help you create professional looking chemistry diagrams quick and easy.
The vector stencils library "Aromatics" contains 23 symbols of aromatic rings for chemical drawing of molecular structural formulas and reaction mechanism schemes in organic chemistry.
"In organic chemistry, aromaticity is a chemical property describing the way in which a conjugated ring of unsaturated bonds, lone pairs, or empty orbitals exhibits a stabilization stronger than would be expected by the stabilization of conjugation alone. ... Aromaticity can also be considered a manifestation of cyclic delocalization and of resonance. This is usually considered to be because electrons are free to cycle around circular arrangements of atoms that are alternately single- and double-bonded to one another. These bonds may be seen as a hybrid of a single bond and a double bond, each bond in the ring identical to every other. This commonly seen model of aromatic rings, namely the idea that benzene was formed from a six-membered carbon ring with alternating single and double bonds (cyclohexatriene), was developed by Kekulé (see History section below). The model for benzene consists of two resonance forms, which corresponds to the double and single bonds superimposing to give rise to six one-and-a-half bonds. Benzene is a more stable molecule than would be expected without accounting for charge delocalization. ... Types of aromatic compounds. The overwhelming majority of aromatic compounds are compounds of carbon, but they need not be hydrocarbons. 1. Neutral homocyclics. Benzene, as well as most other annulenes (cyclodecapentaene excepted) with the formula CnHn where n is an even number, such as cyclotetradecaheptaene. 2. Heterocyclics. In heterocyclic aromatics (heteroaromats), one or more of the atoms in the aromatic ring is of an element other than carbon. This can lessen the ring's aromaticity, and thus (as in the case of furan) increase its reactivity. Other examples include pyridine, pyrazine, imidazole, pyrazole, oxazole, thiophene, and their benzannulated analogs (benzimidazole, for example). 3. Polycyclics. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are molecules containing two or more simple aromatic rings fused together by sharing two neighboring carbon atoms (see also simple aromatic rings). Examples are naphthalene, anthracene, and phenanthrene. 4. Substituted aromatics. Many chemical compounds are aromatic rings with other functional groups attached. Examples include trinitrotoluene (TNT), acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin), paracetamol, and the nucleotides of DNA. 5. Atypical aromatic compounds. Aromaticity is found in ions as well: the cyclopropenyl cation (2e system), the cyclopentadienyl anion (6e system), the tropylium ion (6e), and the cyclooctatetraene dianion (10e). Aromatic properties have been attributed to non-benzenoid compounds such as tropone. Aromatic properties are tested to the limit in a class of compounds called cyclophanes. A special case of aromaticity is found in homoaromaticity where conjugation is interrupted by a single sp³ hybridized carbon atom. When carbon in benzene is replaced by other elements in borabenzene, silabenzene, germanabenzene, stannabenzene, phosphorine or pyrylium salts the aromaticity is still retained. Aromaticity also occurs in compounds that are not carbon-based at all. Inorganic 6-membered-ring compounds analogous to benzene have been synthesized. Hexasilabenzene (Si6H6) and borazine (B3N3H6) are structurally analogous to benzene, with the carbon atoms replaced by another element or elements. In borazine, the boron and nitrogen atoms alternate around the ring." [Aromaticity. Wikipedia]
The organic compound structural formulas example "Aromatics - Vector stencils library" was created using the ConceptDraw PRO software extended with the Chemistry solution from the Science and Education area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
"In organic chemistry, aromaticity is a chemical property describing the way in which a conjugated ring of unsaturated bonds, lone pairs, or empty orbitals exhibits a stabilization stronger than would be expected by the stabilization of conjugation alone. ... Aromaticity can also be considered a manifestation of cyclic delocalization and of resonance. This is usually considered to be because electrons are free to cycle around circular arrangements of atoms that are alternately single- and double-bonded to one another. These bonds may be seen as a hybrid of a single bond and a double bond, each bond in the ring identical to every other. This commonly seen model of aromatic rings, namely the idea that benzene was formed from a six-membered carbon ring with alternating single and double bonds (cyclohexatriene), was developed by Kekulé (see History section below). The model for benzene consists of two resonance forms, which corresponds to the double and single bonds superimposing to give rise to six one-and-a-half bonds. Benzene is a more stable molecule than would be expected without accounting for charge delocalization. ... Types of aromatic compounds. The overwhelming majority of aromatic compounds are compounds of carbon, but they need not be hydrocarbons. 1. Neutral homocyclics. Benzene, as well as most other annulenes (cyclodecapentaene excepted) with the formula CnHn where n is an even number, such as cyclotetradecaheptaene. 2. Heterocyclics. In heterocyclic aromatics (heteroaromats), one or more of the atoms in the aromatic ring is of an element other than carbon. This can lessen the ring's aromaticity, and thus (as in the case of furan) increase its reactivity. Other examples include pyridine, pyrazine, imidazole, pyrazole, oxazole, thiophene, and their benzannulated analogs (benzimidazole, for example). 3. Polycyclics. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are molecules containing two or more simple aromatic rings fused together by sharing two neighboring carbon atoms (see also simple aromatic rings). Examples are naphthalene, anthracene, and phenanthrene. 4. Substituted aromatics. Many chemical compounds are aromatic rings with other functional groups attached. Examples include trinitrotoluene (TNT), acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin), paracetamol, and the nucleotides of DNA. 5. Atypical aromatic compounds. Aromaticity is found in ions as well: the cyclopropenyl cation (2e system), the cyclopentadienyl anion (6e system), the tropylium ion (6e), and the cyclooctatetraene dianion (10e). Aromatic properties have been attributed to non-benzenoid compounds such as tropone. Aromatic properties are tested to the limit in a class of compounds called cyclophanes. A special case of aromaticity is found in homoaromaticity where conjugation is interrupted by a single sp³ hybridized carbon atom. When carbon in benzene is replaced by other elements in borabenzene, silabenzene, germanabenzene, stannabenzene, phosphorine or pyrylium salts the aromaticity is still retained. Aromaticity also occurs in compounds that are not carbon-based at all. Inorganic 6-membered-ring compounds analogous to benzene have been synthesized. Hexasilabenzene (Si6H6) and borazine (B3N3H6) are structurally analogous to benzene, with the carbon atoms replaced by another element or elements. In borazine, the boron and nitrogen atoms alternate around the ring." [Aromaticity. Wikipedia]
The organic compound structural formulas example "Aromatics - Vector stencils library" was created using the ConceptDraw PRO software extended with the Chemistry solution from the Science and Education area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
Biphenyl
Pyrene
Triphenylene
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Acenaphthylene
Naphthalene
Indene
Indene
Indene
Indene
Cyclopentadiene
1,3-Cyclohexadiene
Cyclohexadiene
1,4-Cyclohexadiene
Cyclohexene
Cyclohexadiene 2
Cyclopentadiene 2
Cyclopentene
Cyclopentadiene 3
Cyclobutadiene
Cyclopropene
Phenalene
The vector stencils library "Chemical elements" contains 118 icon symbols of chemical elements for drawing atoms, structural formulas and ball-and-stick models of inorganic and organic molecules and ions, and schemes of chemical reaction mechanisms.
"In chemistry, the ball-and-stick model is a molecular model of a chemical substance which is to display both the three-dimensional position of the atoms and the bonds between them. The atoms are typically represented by spheres, connected by rods which represent the bonds. Double and triple bonds are usually represented by two or three curved rods, respectively. In a good model, the angles between the rods should be the same as the angles between the bonds, and the distances between the centers of the spheres should be proportional to the distances between the corresponding atomic nuclei. The chemical element of each atom is often indicated by the sphere's color." [Ball-and-stick model. Wikipedia]
The chemical symbols example "Design elements - Chemical elements" was created using the ConceptDraw PRO software extended with the Chemistry solution from the Science and Education area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
"In chemistry, the ball-and-stick model is a molecular model of a chemical substance which is to display both the three-dimensional position of the atoms and the bonds between them. The atoms are typically represented by spheres, connected by rods which represent the bonds. Double and triple bonds are usually represented by two or three curved rods, respectively. In a good model, the angles between the rods should be the same as the angles between the bonds, and the distances between the centers of the spheres should be proportional to the distances between the corresponding atomic nuclei. The chemical element of each atom is often indicated by the sphere's color." [Ball-and-stick model. Wikipedia]
The chemical symbols example "Design elements - Chemical elements" was created using the ConceptDraw PRO software extended with the Chemistry solution from the Science and Education area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
Chemical element icons
The vector stencils library "Application" contains 40 icons of software applications.
Use it to design your computer and telecom illustrations and infographics with ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software.
The vector stencils library "Application" is included in the Computers and Communications solution from the Illustration area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
Use it to design your computer and telecom illustrations and infographics with ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software.
The vector stencils library "Application" is included in the Computers and Communications solution from the Illustration area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
Book
Lecture book
E-learning
Education
Graduate
A plus
Student
Position holder
Achievement
Diamond
Present
Balance scale
Law
Atom
Formula
Chemistry
Research
Measuring
Plan
Calendar
Notice pin
Appointment
Tea cup
Journal
Archive
Calculator
Text format
Graphic editor
Vector graphics
Digital art board
Creative
Design
Adaptive
ECG
Forecast book
Presentation
Shopping basket
Platform truck
Printer
Air conditioner
The vector stencils library "Periodic table of chemical elements" contains 119 icon symbols of chemical elements for drawing Mendeleev's periodic table, chemical diagrams, infographics and illustrations.
"A chemical element is a pure chemical substance consisting of a single type of atom distinguished by its atomic number, which is the number of protons in its atomic nucleus. Elements are divided into metals, metalloids, and non-metals. Familiar examples of elements are carbon, nitrogen, oxygen (non-metals), silicon, arsenic (metalloids), aluminium, iron, copper, gold, mercury, and lead (metals).
The lightest chemical elements, including hydrogen, helium and smaller amounts of lithium, beryllium and boron, are thought to have been produced by various cosmic processes during the Big Bang and cosmic-ray spallation. Production of heavier elements, from carbon to the very heaviest elements, proceeded by stellar nucleosynthesis, and these were made available for later solar system and planetary formation by planetary nebulae and supernovae, which blast these elements into space. The high abundance of oxygen, silicon, and iron on Earth reflects their common production in such stars. While most elements are generally stable, a small amount of natural transformation of one element to another also occurs in the decay of radioactive elements as well as other natural nuclear processes." [Chemical element. Wikipedia]
The chemical symbols example "Design elements - Periodic table of chemical elements" was created using the ConceptDraw PRO software extended with the Chemistry solution from the Science and Education area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
"A chemical element is a pure chemical substance consisting of a single type of atom distinguished by its atomic number, which is the number of protons in its atomic nucleus. Elements are divided into metals, metalloids, and non-metals. Familiar examples of elements are carbon, nitrogen, oxygen (non-metals), silicon, arsenic (metalloids), aluminium, iron, copper, gold, mercury, and lead (metals).
The lightest chemical elements, including hydrogen, helium and smaller amounts of lithium, beryllium and boron, are thought to have been produced by various cosmic processes during the Big Bang and cosmic-ray spallation. Production of heavier elements, from carbon to the very heaviest elements, proceeded by stellar nucleosynthesis, and these were made available for later solar system and planetary formation by planetary nebulae and supernovae, which blast these elements into space. The high abundance of oxygen, silicon, and iron on Earth reflects their common production in such stars. While most elements are generally stable, a small amount of natural transformation of one element to another also occurs in the decay of radioactive elements as well as other natural nuclear processes." [Chemical element. Wikipedia]
The chemical symbols example "Design elements - Periodic table of chemical elements" was created using the ConceptDraw PRO software extended with the Chemistry solution from the Science and Education area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
Mendeleev periodic table icons
The vector stencils library "Education pictograms" contains 128 education pictograms. Use this flat icon set to design your educational infogram in ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software.
The vector stencils library "Education pictograms" is included in the Education Infographics solution from the Business Infographics area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
The vector stencils library "Education pictograms" is included in the Education Infographics solution from the Business Infographics area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
ABC
Apple
Artist oil colors
Artists paint palette
Atom
Baseball
Basketball
Beaker
Bell
Bicycle
Book - open
Books
Brushes
Bunsen burner
Calculator
Calendar
CD
Cell model
Chemical flask
Cloud
Colored paper
Colored pencils
Compass
Compasses
Dinosaur skeleton
Diploma
DNA double helix
Drop
Dumbbells
Earth
Earth's internal structure
Easel
Email
Eraser
Exercise book
Felt tip pens
Folders
Football
Funnel
Gears
Globe
Gouache
Graduation cap
Grand piano
Grand piano - clipart
Green blackboard
Hourglass
Laptop
Laptop mouse
Light bulb
Magnet
Magnifier
Marker - black
Marker - blue
Marker - green
Marker - red
Marker - white
Marker - yellow
Medal with ribbon
Metronome
Microscope
Moon
Music notes
Notebook
Notepad
Paper clips
Paper sheet
Paper sheet - grid
Paper sheet - lined
Paper stickers
Parthenon
Pen
Pen - fountain
Pencil
Periodic table
Protractor
Push pins
Robot
Round bottom flask
Rugby ball
Ruler
Scales
School backpack
School bus
School satchel
Schoolboy - african
Schoolboy - asian
Schoolboy - caucasian
Schoolboy - indian
Schoolgirl - african
Schoolgirl - asian
Schoolgirl - caucasian
Schoolgirl - indian
Scissors and a bottle of glue
Scroll
Snowflake
Sport cup
Star
Stickers
Stopwatch
Sun
Tablet computer
Teacher with a pointer
Teacher - african
Teacher - asian
Teacher - caucasian
Teacher - indian
Teacher - woman, african
Teacher - woman, asian
Teacher - woman, caucasian
Teacher - woman, indian
Telescope
Test tube
Thermometer
To-Do list
Tree leaf - acacia
Tree leaf - birch
Tree leaf - chestnut
Tree leaf - maple
Tree leaf - oak
Tree leaf - walnut
Triangle ruler
Volleyball
Violin
Violin - clipart
Wall clock
Watercolor set
World map
Chemistry
This solution extends ConceptDraw PRO software with samples, template and libraries of vector stencils for drawing the Chemistry Illustrations for science and education.
The vector stencils library "Chemical drawings" contains 81 symbols of organic compounds and functional groups for chemical drawing.
Use it to draw structural formulas of organic molecules, schemes of chemical reactions and organic chemistry diagrams.
"Structural drawings.
Organic molecules are described more commonly by drawings or structural formulas, combinations of drawings and chemical symbols. The line-angle formula is simple and unambiguous. In this system, the endpoints and intersections of each line represent one carbon, and hydrogen atoms can either be notated explicitly or assumed to be present as implied by tetravalent carbon. The depiction of organic compounds with drawings is greatly simplified by the fact that carbon in almost all organic compounds has four bonds, nitrogen three, oxygen two, and hydrogen one. ...
Organic reactions.
Organic reactions are chemical reactions involving organic compounds. While pure hydrocarbons undergo certain limited classes of reactions, many more reactions which organic compounds undergo are largely determined by functional groups. The general theory of these reactions involves careful analysis of such properties as the electron affinity of key atoms, bond strengths and steric hindrance. These issues can determine the relative stability of short-lived reactive intermediates, which usually directly determine the path of the reaction.
The basic reaction types are: addition reactions, elimination reactions, substitution reactions, pericyclic reactions, rearrangement reactions and redox reactions. ...
Each reaction has a stepwise reaction mechanism that explains how it happens in sequence - although the detailed description of steps is not always clear from a list of reactants alone.
The stepwise course of any given reaction mechanism can be represented using arrow pushing techniques in which curved arrows are used to track the movement of electrons as starting materials transition through intermediates to final products." [Organic chemistry. Wikipedia]
The chemical symbols example "Design elements - Chemical drawings" was created using the ConceptDraw PRO software extended with the Chemistry solution from the Science and Education area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
Use it to draw structural formulas of organic molecules, schemes of chemical reactions and organic chemistry diagrams.
"Structural drawings.
Organic molecules are described more commonly by drawings or structural formulas, combinations of drawings and chemical symbols. The line-angle formula is simple and unambiguous. In this system, the endpoints and intersections of each line represent one carbon, and hydrogen atoms can either be notated explicitly or assumed to be present as implied by tetravalent carbon. The depiction of organic compounds with drawings is greatly simplified by the fact that carbon in almost all organic compounds has four bonds, nitrogen three, oxygen two, and hydrogen one. ...
Organic reactions.
Organic reactions are chemical reactions involving organic compounds. While pure hydrocarbons undergo certain limited classes of reactions, many more reactions which organic compounds undergo are largely determined by functional groups. The general theory of these reactions involves careful analysis of such properties as the electron affinity of key atoms, bond strengths and steric hindrance. These issues can determine the relative stability of short-lived reactive intermediates, which usually directly determine the path of the reaction.
The basic reaction types are: addition reactions, elimination reactions, substitution reactions, pericyclic reactions, rearrangement reactions and redox reactions. ...
Each reaction has a stepwise reaction mechanism that explains how it happens in sequence - although the detailed description of steps is not always clear from a list of reactants alone.
The stepwise course of any given reaction mechanism can be represented using arrow pushing techniques in which curved arrows are used to track the movement of electrons as starting materials transition through intermediates to final products." [Organic chemistry. Wikipedia]
The chemical symbols example "Design elements - Chemical drawings" was created using the ConceptDraw PRO software extended with the Chemistry solution from the Science and Education area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
Chemical symbols
The vector stencils library "Resources and energy" contains 19 clipart images for drawing illustrations on resources and energy.
"Natural resources occur naturally within environments that exist relatively undisturbed by humanity, in a natural form. A natural resource is often characterized by amounts of biodiversity and geodiversity existent in various ecosystems.
Natural resources are derived from the environment. Some of them are essential for our survival while most are used for satisfying our wants. Natural resources may be further classified in different ways.
Natural resources are materials and components (something that can be used) that can be found within the environment. Every man-made product is composed of natural resources (at its fundamental level). A natural resource may exist as a separate entity such as fresh water, and air, as well as a living organism such as a fish, or it may exist in an alternate form which must be processed to obtain the resource such as metal ores, oil, and most forms of energy." [Natural resource. Wikipedia]
The clip art example "Resources and energy - Vector stencils library" was created in ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software using the Manufacturing and Maintenance solution from the Illustration area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
"Natural resources occur naturally within environments that exist relatively undisturbed by humanity, in a natural form. A natural resource is often characterized by amounts of biodiversity and geodiversity existent in various ecosystems.
Natural resources are derived from the environment. Some of them are essential for our survival while most are used for satisfying our wants. Natural resources may be further classified in different ways.
Natural resources are materials and components (something that can be used) that can be found within the environment. Every man-made product is composed of natural resources (at its fundamental level). A natural resource may exist as a separate entity such as fresh water, and air, as well as a living organism such as a fish, or it may exist in an alternate form which must be processed to obtain the resource such as metal ores, oil, and most forms of energy." [Natural resource. Wikipedia]
The clip art example "Resources and energy - Vector stencils library" was created in ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software using the Manufacturing and Maintenance solution from the Illustration area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
Human resources
Batteries
Wind turbine
Transmission tower
Natural gas burner
Solar panel
Lightning
Ionizing radiation hazard sign
High voltage symbol
Atom
Incandescent light bulb
Oil barrels
Power station
Wood
Perpetuum mobile
Hydroelectric dam
Liquefied petroleum gas
Natural gas
Minecart with coal
The vector stencils library "Application" contains 40 icons of software applications.
Use it to design your computer and telecom illustrations and infographics with ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software.
The vector stencils library "Application" is included in the Computers and Communications solution from the Illustration area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
Use it to design your computer and telecom illustrations and infographics with ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software.
The vector stencils library "Application" is included in the Computers and Communications solution from the Illustration area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
Book
Lecture book
E-learning
Education
Graduate
A plus
Student
Position holder
Achievement
Diamond
Present
Balance scale
Law
Atom
Formula
Chemistry
Research
Measuring
Plan
Calendar
Notice pin
Appointment
Tea cup
Journal
Archive
Calculator
Text format
Graphic editor
Vector graphics
Digital art board
Creative
Design
Adaptive
ECG
Forecast book
Presentation
Shopping basket
Platform truck
Printer
Air conditioner
The vector stencils library "Aromatics" contains 23 symbols of aromatic rings for chemical drawing of molecular structural formulas and reaction mechanism schemes in organic chemistry.
"An aromatic hydrocarbon or arene (or sometimes aryl hydrocarbon) is a hydrocarbon with alternating double and single bonds between carbon atoms forming rings. The term 'aromatic' was assigned before the physical mechanism determining aromaticity was discovered, and was derived from the fact that many of the compounds have a sweet scent. The configuration of six carbon atoms in aromatic compounds is known as a benzene ring, after the simplest possible such hydrocarbon, benzene. Aromatic hydrocarbons can be monocyclic (MAH) or polycyclic (PAH)." [Aromatic hydrocarbon. Wikipedia]
The chemical symbols example "Design elements - Aromatic hydrocarbons (arenes)" was created using the ConceptDraw PRO software extended with the Chemistry solution from the Science and Education area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
"An aromatic hydrocarbon or arene (or sometimes aryl hydrocarbon) is a hydrocarbon with alternating double and single bonds between carbon atoms forming rings. The term 'aromatic' was assigned before the physical mechanism determining aromaticity was discovered, and was derived from the fact that many of the compounds have a sweet scent. The configuration of six carbon atoms in aromatic compounds is known as a benzene ring, after the simplest possible such hydrocarbon, benzene. Aromatic hydrocarbons can be monocyclic (MAH) or polycyclic (PAH)." [Aromatic hydrocarbon. Wikipedia]
The chemical symbols example "Design elements - Aromatic hydrocarbons (arenes)" was created using the ConceptDraw PRO software extended with the Chemistry solution from the Science and Education area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
Aromatic rings
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This chemical reaction mechanism drawing depicts steps of carbonyl compound halogenation reaction.
"Alpha-substitution reactions occur at the position next to the carbonyl group, the α-position, and involve the substitution of an α hydrogen atom by an electrophile, E, through either an enol or enolate ion intermediate. ...
Alpha Halogenation of Aldehydes and Ketones.
A particularly common α-substitution reaction in the laboratory is the halogenation of aldehydes and ketones at their α positions by reaction Cl2, Br2 or I2 in acidic solution. Bromine in acetic acid solvent is often used. ...
The halogenation is a typical α-substitution reaction that proceeds by acid catalyzed formation of an enol intermediate." [Carbonyl Alpha-Substitution Reactions. Wikipedia]
This example was redesigned from the Wikimedia Commons file: Halogenierung Mechanismus Version 3-Seite001.svg. [commons.wikimedia.org/ wiki/ File:Halogenierung_ Mechanismus_ Version_ 3-Seite001.svg]
This image is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. [creativecommons.org/ licenses/ by-sa/ 3.0/ ]
The chemical drawing example "Carbonyl compound halogenation mechanism" was created using the ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software extended with the Chemistry solution from the Science and Education area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
"Alpha-substitution reactions occur at the position next to the carbonyl group, the α-position, and involve the substitution of an α hydrogen atom by an electrophile, E, through either an enol or enolate ion intermediate. ...
Alpha Halogenation of Aldehydes and Ketones.
A particularly common α-substitution reaction in the laboratory is the halogenation of aldehydes and ketones at their α positions by reaction Cl2, Br2 or I2 in acidic solution. Bromine in acetic acid solvent is often used. ...
The halogenation is a typical α-substitution reaction that proceeds by acid catalyzed formation of an enol intermediate." [Carbonyl Alpha-Substitution Reactions. Wikipedia]
This example was redesigned from the Wikimedia Commons file: Halogenierung Mechanismus Version 3-Seite001.svg. [commons.wikimedia.org/ wiki/ File:Halogenierung_ Mechanismus_ Version_ 3-Seite001.svg]
This image is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. [creativecommons.org/ licenses/ by-sa/ 3.0/ ]
The chemical drawing example "Carbonyl compound halogenation mechanism" was created using the ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software extended with the Chemistry solution from the Science and Education area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
Alpha halogenation of aldehydes and ketones
The vector stencils library "Education pictograms" contains 128 education pictograms. Use this flat icon set to design your educational infogram in ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software.
The vector stencils library "Education pictograms" is included in the Education Infographics solution from the Business Infographics area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
The vector stencils library "Education pictograms" is included in the Education Infographics solution from the Business Infographics area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
ABC
Apple
Artist oil colors
Artists paint palette
Atom
Baseball
Basketball
Beaker
Bell
Bicycle
Book - open
Books
Brushes
Bunsen burner
Calculator
Calendar
CD
Cell model
Chemical flask
Cloud
Colored paper
Colored pencils
Compass
Compasses
Dinosaur skeleton
Diploma
DNA double helix
Drop
Dumbbells
Earth
Earth's internal structure
Easel
Email
Eraser
Exercise book
Felt tip pens
Folders
Football
Funnel
Gears
Globe
Gouache
Graduation cap
Grand piano
Grand piano - clipart
Green blackboard
Hourglass
Laptop
Laptop mouse
Light bulb
Magnet
Magnifier
Marker - black
Marker - blue
Marker - green
Marker - red
Marker - white
Marker - yellow
Medal with ribbon
Metronome
Microscope
Moon
Music notes
Notebook
Notepad
Paper clips
Paper sheet
Paper sheet - grid
Paper sheet - lined
Paper stickers
Parthenon
Pen
Pen - fountain
Pencil
Periodic table
Protractor
Push pins
Robot
Round bottom flask
Rugby ball
Ruler
Scales
School backpack
School bus
School satchel
Schoolboy - african
Schoolboy - asian
Schoolboy - caucasian
Schoolboy - indian
Schoolgirl - african
Schoolgirl - asian
Schoolgirl - caucasian
Schoolgirl - indian
Scissors and a bottle of glue
Scroll
Snowflake
Sport cup
Star
Stickers
Stopwatch
Sun
Tablet computer
Teacher with a pointer
Teacher - african
Teacher - asian
Teacher - caucasian
Teacher - indian
Teacher - woman, african
Teacher - woman, asian
Teacher - woman, caucasian
Teacher - woman, indian
Telescope
Test tube
Thermometer
To-Do list
Tree leaf - acacia
Tree leaf - birch
Tree leaf - chestnut
Tree leaf - maple
Tree leaf - oak
Tree leaf - walnut
Triangle ruler
Volleyball
Violin
Violin - clipart
Wall clock
Watercolor set
World map
The vector stencils library "Conformations" contains 32 symbols of ring conformations, Newman and Fisher projections for chemical and biochemical drawing the molecular models and structural formulas of organic molecules and biochemical metabolites. It is useful in stereochemistry for drawing spatial structures of conformers of organic molecules, and schemes of stereospecific chemical reactions in organic synthesis.
"In chemistry, conformational isomerism is a form of stereoisomerism in which the isomers can be interconverted exclusively by rotations about formally single bonds (refer to figure on single bond rotation). Such isomers are generally referred to as conformational isomers or conformers and, specifically, as rotamers. Rotations about single bonds are restricted by a rotational energy barrier which must be overcome to interconvert one conformer to another. Conformational isomerism arises when the rotation about a single bond is relatively unhindered. That is, the energy barrier must be small enough for the interconversion to occur.
Conformational isomers are thus distinct from the other classes of stereoisomers (i. e. configurational isomers) where interconversion necessarily involves breaking and reforming of chemical bonds. For example, L- & D and R- & S- configurations of organic molecules have different handedness and optical activities, and can only be interconverted by breaking one or more bonds connected to the chiral atom and reforming a similar bond in a different direction or spatial orientation.
The study of the energetics between different rotamers is referred to as conformational analysis. It is useful for understanding the stability of different isomers, for example, by taking into account the spatial orientation and through-space interactions of substituents. In addition, conformational analysis can be used to predict and explain product(s) selectivity, mechanisms, and rates of reactions." [Conformational isomerism. Wikipedia]
The chemical symbols example "Design elements - Conformations" was created using the ConceptDraw PRO software extended with the Chemistry solution from the Science and Education area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
"In chemistry, conformational isomerism is a form of stereoisomerism in which the isomers can be interconverted exclusively by rotations about formally single bonds (refer to figure on single bond rotation). Such isomers are generally referred to as conformational isomers or conformers and, specifically, as rotamers. Rotations about single bonds are restricted by a rotational energy barrier which must be overcome to interconvert one conformer to another. Conformational isomerism arises when the rotation about a single bond is relatively unhindered. That is, the energy barrier must be small enough for the interconversion to occur.
Conformational isomers are thus distinct from the other classes of stereoisomers (i. e. configurational isomers) where interconversion necessarily involves breaking and reforming of chemical bonds. For example, L- & D and R- & S- configurations of organic molecules have different handedness and optical activities, and can only be interconverted by breaking one or more bonds connected to the chiral atom and reforming a similar bond in a different direction or spatial orientation.
The study of the energetics between different rotamers is referred to as conformational analysis. It is useful for understanding the stability of different isomers, for example, by taking into account the spatial orientation and through-space interactions of substituents. In addition, conformational analysis can be used to predict and explain product(s) selectivity, mechanisms, and rates of reactions." [Conformational isomerism. Wikipedia]
The chemical symbols example "Design elements - Conformations" was created using the ConceptDraw PRO software extended with the Chemistry solution from the Science and Education area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
Molecular conformations and projections
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