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"Hydraulics is a topic in applied science and engineering dealing with the mechanical properties of liquids. At a very basic level hydraulics is the liquid version of pneumatics. Fluid mechanics provides the theoretical foundation for hydraulics, which focuses on the engineering uses of fluid properties. In fluid power, hydraulics is used for the generation, control, and transmission of power by the use of pressurized liquids. Hydraulic topics range through some part of science and most of engineering modules, and cover concepts such as pipe flow, dam design, fluidics and fluid control circuitry, pumps, turbines, hydropower, computational fluid dynamics, flow measurement, river channel behavior and erosion." [Hydraulics. Wikipedia]
This hydraulic schematic example was redrawn using ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software from the Wikimedia Commons file: Skjematikk.GIF.
[commons.wikimedia.org/ wiki/ File:Skjematikk.GIF]
This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license.
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The engineering drawing example "Hydraulic schematic" was created using the ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software extended with the Mechanical Engineering solution from the Engineering area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
Hydraulic schematic example
Hydraulic schematic example, restrictor valve, reservoir, drain, return, pressure relief, sequence valve, hydraulic pump, double-acting, magnetic cylinder,
Retract resistor check valve application: pneumatic cylinder, piston driven by Compressed air through 2 Retract resistor check valves.
"A check valve, clack valve, non-return valve or one-way valve is a valve that normally allows fluid (liquid or gas) to flow through it in only one direction.
Check valves are two-port valves, meaning they have two openings in the body, one for fluid to enter and the other for fluid to leave. There are various types of check valves used in a wide variety of applications. Check valves are often part of common household items. Although they are available in a wide range of sizes and costs, check valves generally are very small, simple, or inexpensive. Check valves work automatically and most are not controlled by a person or any external control; accordingly, most do not have any valve handle or stem. The bodies (external shells) of most check valves are made of plastic or metal.
An important concept in check valves is the cracking pressure which is the minimum upstream pressure at which the valve will operate. Typically the check valve is designed for and can therefore be specified for a specific cracking pressure.
Heart valves are essentially inlet and outlet check valves for the heart ventricles, since the ventricles act as pumps." [Check valve. Wikipedia]
This hydraulic schematic example was redrawn using ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software from the Wikimedia Commons file: Retract resistor check valve application.png.
[commons.wikimedia.org/ wiki/ File:Retract_ resistor_ check_ valve_ application.png]
The hydraulic engineering drawing example "Retract resistor check valve application" was created using the ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software extended with the Mechanical Engineering solution from the Engineering area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
Hydraulic schematic
Hydraulic schematic, restrictor valve, non-return, valve, double-acting, magnetic cylinder, dot, line, junction,
Retract resistor check valve application: pneumatic cylinder, piston driven by Compressed air through 2 Retract resistor check valves.
"A check valve, clack valve, non-return valve or one-way valve is a valve that normally allows fluid (liquid or gas) to flow through it in only one direction.
Check valves are two-port valves, meaning they have two openings in the body, one for fluid to enter and the other for fluid to leave. There are various types of check valves used in a wide variety of applications. Check valves are often part of common household items. Although they are available in a wide range of sizes and costs, check valves generally are very small, simple, or inexpensive. Check valves work automatically and most are not controlled by a person or any external control; accordingly, most do not have any valve handle or stem. The bodies (external shells) of most check valves are made of plastic or metal.
An important concept in check valves is the cracking pressure which is the minimum upstream pressure at which the valve will operate. Typically the check valve is designed for and can therefore be specified for a specific cracking pressure.
Heart valves are essentially inlet and outlet check valves for the heart ventricles, since the ventricles act as pumps." [Check valve. Wikipedia]
This hydraulic schematic example was redrawn using ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software from the Wikimedia Commons file: Retract resistor check valve application.png.
[commons.wikimedia.org/ wiki/ File:Retract_ resistor_ check_ valve_ application.png]
The hydraulic engineering drawing example "Retract resistor check valve application" was created using the ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software extended with the Mechanical Engineering solution from the Engineering area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
Hydraulic schematic
Hydraulic schematic, restrictor valve, non-return, valve, double-acting, magnetic cylinder, dot, line, junction,

Mechanical Drawing Symbols

Mechanical Engineering solution — 8 libraries are available with 602 commonly used mechanical drawing symbols in Mechanical Engineering Solution, including libraries called Bearings with 59 elements of roller and ball bearings, shafts, gears, hooks, springs, spindles and keys; Dimensioning and Tolerancing with 45 elements; Fluid Power Equipment containing 113 elements of motors, pumps, air compressors, meters, cylinders, actuators and gauges; Fluid Power Valves containing 93 elements of pneumatic and hydraulic valves (directional control valves, flow control valves, pressure control valves) and electrohydraulic and electropneumatic valves; as well as many other sophisticated symbols and templates for your use.
The vector stencils library "Fluid power valves" contains 93 symbols of pre-made hydraulic and pneumatic valves, including directional control valves, flow control valves, pressure control valves, and electrohydraulic and electropneumatic valves.
Use these shapes to design fluid power diagrams in the ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software extended with the Mechanical Engineering solution from the Engineering area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
www.conceptdraw.com/ solution-park/ engineering-mechanical
2/2 valve, pneum., finite positions
2/2 valve, pneum., finite positions, two-port, two-position, valve,
2/2 valve, pneum., infinite positions
2/2 valve, pneum., infinite positions, two-port, two-position, valve,
2/2 valve, pneum., ext., fin. pos.
2/2 valve, pneum., ext., fin. pos., two-port, two-position, valve,
2/2 valve, pneum., ext., infin. pos.
2/2 valve, pneum., ext., infin. pos., two-port, two-position, valve,
2/2 valve, hydr., finite positions
2/2 valve, hydr., finite positions, two-port, two-position, valve,
2/2 valve, hydr., infinite positions
2/2 valve, hydr., infinite positions, two-port, two-position, valve,
2/2 valve, hydr., ext., fin. pos.
2/2 valve, hydr., ext., fin. pos., two-port, two-position, valve,
2/2 valve, hydr., ext., infin. pos.
2/2 valve, hydr., ext., infin. pos., two-port, two-position, valve,
3/2 valve, pneum., finite positions
3/2 valve, pneum., finite positions, three-port, two-position, valve,
3/2 valve, pneum., infinite positions
3/2 valve, pneum., infinite positions, three-port, two-position, valve,
3/2 valve, pneum., ext., fin. pos.
3/2 valve, pneum., ext., fin. pos., three-port, two-position, valve,
3/2 valve, pneum., ext., infin. pos.
3/2 valve, pneum., ext., infin. pos., three-port, two-position, valve,
3/2 valve, hydr., finite positions
3/2 valve, hydr., finite positions, three-port, two-position, valve,
3/2 valve, hydr., infinite positions
3/2 valve, hydr., infinite positions, three-port, two-position, valve,
3/2 valve, hydr., ext., fin. pos.
3/2 valve, hydr., ext., fin. pos., three-port, two-position, valve,
3/2 valve, hydr., ext., infin. pos.
3/2 valve, hydr., ext., infin. pos., three-port, two-position, valve,
4/2 valve, pneum., finite positions
4/2 valve, pneum., finite positions, four-port, two-position, valve,
4/2 valve, pneum., infinite positions
4/2 valve, pneum., infinite positions, four-port, two-position, valve,
4/2 valve, pneum., ext., fin. pos.
4/2 valve, pneum., ext., fin. pos., four-port, two-position, valve,
4/2 valve, pneum., ext., infin. pos.
4/2 valve, pneum., ext., infin. pos., four-port, two-position, valve,
4/2 valve, hydr., finite positions
4/2 valve, hydr., finite positions, four-port, two-position, valve,
4/2 valve, hydr., infinite positions
4/2 valve, hydr., infinite positions, four-port, two-position, valve,
4/2 valve, hydr., ext., fin. pos.
4/2 valve, hydr., ext., fin. pos., four-port, two-position, valve,
4/2 valve, hydr., ext., infin. pos.
4/2 valve, hydr., ext., infin. pos., four-port, two-position, valve,
5/2 valve, pneum., finite positions
5/2 valve, pneum., finite positions, five-port, two-position, valve,
5/2 valve, pneum., infinite positions
5/2 valve, pneum., infinite positions, five-port, two-position, valve,
5/2 valve, pneum., ext., fin. pos.
5/2 valve, pneum., ext., fin. pos., five-port, two-position, valve,
5/2 valve, pneum., ext., infin. pos.
5/2 valve, pneum., ext., infin. pos., five-port, two-position, valve,
5/2 valve, hydr., finite positions
5/2 valve, hydr., finite positions, five-port, two-position, valve,
5/2 valve, hydr., infinite positions
5/2 valve, hydr., infinite positions, five-port, two-position, valve,
5/2 valve, hydr., ext., fin. pos.
5/2 valve, hydr., ext., fin. pos., five-port, two-position, valve,
5/2 valve, hydr., ext., infin. pos.
5/2 valve, hydr., ext., infin. pos., five-port, two-position, valve,
4/3 valve, pneum., finite positions
4/3 valve, pneum., finite positions, four-port, three-position, valve,
4/3 valve, pneum., infinite positions
4/3 valve, pneum., infinite positions, four-port, three-position, valve,
4/3 valve, pneum., ext., fin. pos.
4/3 valve, pneum., ext., fin. pos., four-port, three-position, valve,
4/3 valve, pneum., ext., infin. pos.
4/3 valve, pneum., ext., infin. pos., four-port, three-position, valve,
4/3 valve, hydr., finite positions
4/3 valve, hydr., finite positions, four-port, three-position, valve,
4/3 valve, hydr., infinite positions
4/3 valve, hydr., infinite positions, four-port, three-position, valve,
4/3 valve, hydr., ext., fin. pos.
4/3 valve, hydr., ext., fin. pos., four-port, three-position, valve,
4/3 valve, hydr., ext., infin. pos.
4/3 valve, hydr., ext., infin. pos., four-port, three-position, valve,
5/3 valve, pneum., finite positions
5/3 valve, pneum., finite positions, five-port, three-position, valve,
5/3 valve, pneum., infinite positions
5/3 valve, pneum., infinite positions, five-port, three-position, valve,
5/3 valve, pneum., ext., fin. pos.
5/3 valve, pneum., ext., fin. pos., five-port, three-position, valve,
5/3 valve, pneum., ext., infin. pos.
5/3 valve, pneum., ext., infin. pos., five-port, three-position, valve,
5/3 valve, hydr., finite positions
5/3 valve, hydr., finite positions, five-port, three-position, valve,
5/3 valve, hydr., infinite positions
5/3 valve, hydr., infinite positions, five-port, three-position, valve,
5/3 valve, hydr., ext., fin. pos.
5/3 valve, hydr., ext., fin. pos., five-port, three-position, valve,
5/3 valve, hydr., ext., infin. pos.
5/3 valve, hydr., ext., infin. pos., five-port, three-position, valve,
Restrictor valve
Restrictor valve, restrictor valve,
Restrictor valve, adjustable
Restrictor valve, adjustable, restrictor valve,
Gate-valve, norm. open
Gate-valve, norm. open, gate-valve,
Gate-valve, norm. open, adj.
Gate-valve, norm. open, adj., gate-valve,
Gate-valve, norm. closed
Gate-valve, norm. closed, gate-valve,
Gate-valve, norm. closed, adj.
Gate-valve, norm. closed, adj., gate-valve,
One-way restrictor
One-way restrictor, one-way restrictor, valve, free flow, one direction, variable restriction, flow,
One-way restrictor, enclosed
One-way restrictor, enclosed, one-way restrictor, valve, free flow, one direction, variable restriction, flow,
Flow control, series flow
Flow control, series flow, flow control, valvel, series flow,
Flow control, temperature compensated
Flow control, temperature compensated, flow control, valve, temperature compensated,
Flow control, bypass flow
Flow control, bypass flow, flow control, valve, bypass flow control,
Flow divider
Flow divider, flow divider, valve,
Non-return, pilot controlled
Non-return, pilot controlled, non-return, valve,
Non-return, pilot contr., spring
Non-return, pilot contr., spring, non-return, valve,
Non-return, free
Non-return, free, non-return, valve,
Non-return, spring loaded
Non-return, spring loaded, non-return, valve,
Coupling (connect.), 1 valve
Coupling (connect.), 1 valve, coupling, connected, self-sealing, quick release, mechanically operated valves,
Coupling (connect.), both valves
Coupling (connect.), both valves, coupling, connected, self-sealing, quick release, mechanically operated valves,
Coupling (connect.), no valves
Coupling (connect.), no valves, coupling, connected, self-sealing, quick release,
Coupling (connect.), 1 valve, encl.
Coupling (connect.), 1 valve, encl., coupling, connected, self-sealing, quick release, mechanically operated valves,
Coupling (connect.), both valves, encl.
Coupling (connect.), both valves, encl., coupling, connected, self-sealing, quick release, mechanically operated valves,
Coupling (connect.), no valves, encl.
Coupling (connect.), no valves, encl., coupling, connected, self-sealing, quick release,
Coupling (discon.), 1 valve
Coupling (discon.), 1 valve, coupling, disconnected, self-sealing, quick release, mechanically operated valves,
Coupling (discon.), both valves
Coupling (discon.), both valves, coupling, disconnected, self-sealing, quick release, mechanically operated valves,
Coupling (discon.), no valves
Coupling (discon.), no valves, coupling, disconnected, self-sealing, quick release,
Coupling (discon.), 1 valve, encl.
Coupling (discon.), 1 valve, encl., coupling, disconnected, self-sealing, quick release, mechanically operated valves,
Coupling (discon.), both valves, encl.
Coupling (discon.), both valves, encl., coupling, disconnected, self-sealing, quick release, mechanically operated valves,
Coupling (discon.), no valves, encl.
Coupling (discon.), no valves, encl., coupling, disconnected, self-sealing, quick release,
Shuttle valve
Shuttle valve, shuttle valve,
Priority shuttle valve
Priority shuttle valve, shuttle valve, priority shuttle valve,
Quick exhaust
Quick exhaust, quick exhaust, valve,
Cartridge valve
Cartridge valve, cartridge valve,
Pressure relief
Pressure relief, pressure relief, sequence valve,
Pressure relief, drain
Pressure relief, drain, pressure relief, sequence valve,
Pressure relief, vent port
Pressure relief, vent port, pressure relief, sequence valve,
Pressure relief, drain, vent port
Pressure relief, drain, vent port, pressure relief, sequence valve,
Pressure relief, var.
Pressure relief, var., pressure relief, sequence valve,
Pressure relief, var., drain
Pressure relief, var., drain, pressure relief, sequence valve,
Pressure relief, var., vent port
Pressure relief, var., vent port, pressure relief, sequence valve,
Pressure relief, var., drain, vent port
Pressure relief, var., drain, vent port, pressure relief, sequence valve,
Pressure relief 2
Pressure relief 2, two-stage, pressure relief, valve, provision, remote control,
Pressure reducing, 1 stage
Pressure reducing, 1 stage, pressure reducing, regulator, valve,
Pressure reducing, 2 stage
Pressure reducing, 2 stage, pressure reducing, regulator, valve,
Pressure reducing, relief
Pressure reducing, relief, pressure reducing, regulator, valve,
Pressure relief (E)
Pressure relief (E), electrically operated, pressure relief, valve,
The vector stencils library "Fluid power valves" contains 93 symbols of pre-made hydraulic and pneumatic valves, including directional control valves, flow control valves, pressure control valves, and electrohydraulic and electropneumatic valves.
"Control valves are valves used to control conditions such as flow, pressure, temperature, and liquid level by fully or partially opening or closing in response to signals received from controllers that compare a "setpoint" to a "process variable" whose value is provided by sensors that monitor changes in such conditions.
The opening or closing of control valves is usually done automatically by electrical, hydraulic or pneumatic actuators. Positioners are used to control the opening or closing of the actuator based on electric, or pneumatic signals.
A control valve consists of three main parts in which each part exist in several types and designs: Valve's actuator, Valve's positioner, Valve's body.
" [Control valves. Wikipedia]
The shapes example "Design elements - Fluid power valves" was created using the ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software extended with the Mechanical Engineering solution from the Engineering area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
Fluid power valve symbols
Fluid power valve symbols, two-stage, pressure relief, valve, provision, remote control, two-port, two-position, valve, three-port, two-position, valve, restrictor valve, pressure relief, sequence valve, pressure reducing, regulator, valve, one-way restrictor, valve, free flow, one direction, variable restriction, flow, non-return, valve, gate-valve, four-port, two-position, valve, four-port, three-position, valve, flow divider, valve, flow control, valvel, series flow, flow control, valve, temperature compensated, flow control, valve, bypass flow control, five-port, two-position, valve, five-port, three-position, valve, electrically operated, pressure relief, valve, coupling, disconnected, self-sealing, quick release, mechanically operated valves, coupling, disconnected, self-sealing, quick release, coupling, connected, self-sealing, quick release, mechanically operated valves, coupling, connected, self-sealing, quick release, cartridge valve,

Interior Design. Piping Plan — Design Elements

Every apartment needs renovation from time to time, as some home systems such as wiring or plumbing may fall out. When developing the future design of a piping system, the engineer should take into account many aspects. Replacing the worn plumbing begins with the choice of materials and sizes of pipes for the new system. Each proposal has its own pros and cons that should be considered before purchasing. It is also relevant to draw attention to temperature changes that might effect pipes, such as freezing or thermal expansion. Let’s take a closer look at possible pipes materials.