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"Carbohydrate catabolism is the breakdown of carbohydrates into smaller units. Carbohydrates literally undergo combustion to retrieve the large amounts of energy in their bonds. Energy is secured by mitochondria in the form of ATP.
There are several different types of carbohydrates: polysaccharides (e.g., starch, amylopectin, glycogen, cellulose), monosaccharides (e.g., glucose, galactose, fructose, ribose) and the disaccharides (e.g., maltose, lactose).
Glucose reacts with oxygen in the following redox reaction, C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O, the carbon dioxide and water is a waste product and the chemical reaction is exothermic.
The breakdown of glucose into energy in the form of molecules of ATP is therefore one of the most important biochemical pathways found in living organisms." [Carbohydrate catabolism. Wikipedia]
This glucose catabolism pathways map shows glycolysis by orange color, Entner-Doudoroff phosphorylating pathway by green color, Entner-Doudoroff non-phosphorylating pathway by Yellow color.
This methabolic pathway map was redesigned from Wikimedia file: Glucose catabolism pathways.svg. [commons.wikimedia.org/ wiki/ File:Glucose_ catabolism_ pathways.svg]
The biochemical diagram example "Glucose catabolism pathways map" was created using the ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software extended with the Biology solution from the Science and Education area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
Catabolic pathway map
Catabolic pathway map, pyruvic acid, pyruvate, phosphoenolpyruvic acid, PEP, phosphoenolpyruvate, lactic acid, lactate, milk acid, glycolysis, glycerate, glyceric acid, glyceraldehyde, glyceric aldehyde
, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, triose phosphate, 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde, G3P, GADP, GAP, TP, GALP, PGAL, glucose, D-glucose, dextrose, grape sugar, glucose 6-phosphate, Robison ester, gluconolactone, ghlucono delta-lactone, GDL, gluconic acid, gluconate, fructose 6-phosphate, fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, Harden-Young ester, dihydroxyacetone phosphate, DHAP, glycerone phosphate, acetyl coenzyme A, acetyl-CoA, acetic acid, acetate, ethanoic acid, Entner-Doudoroff pathway phosphorylating, Entner-Doudoroff pathway non-phosphorylating
, 6-phosphogluconolactone, 6-phosphoglucono-δ-lactone, 6-phosphogluconic acid, 6-phosphogluconate, 3-phosphoglyceric acid, 3PG, glycerate 3-phosphate, GP, 2-phosphoglyceric acid, 2PG, 2-phosphoglycerate, 2-keto-3-deoxygluconate, KDG, 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate,  2-keto-3-deoxy-D-gluconic acid, 2-keto-3-deoxy-D-gluconate, 3-deoxy-2-oxo-D-gluconate, 2-keto-3-deoxygluconate, 3-deoxy-D-erythro-hex-2-ulosonic acid, 2-keto-3-deoxy-6-phosphogluconate, KDPG, 13-bisphosphoglyceric acid, 13-bisphosphoglycerate, 13BPG,
"In biochemistry, metabolic pathways are series of chemical reactions occurring within a cell. In each pathway, a principal chemical is modified by a series of chemical reactions. Enzymes catalyze these reactions, and often require dietary minerals, vitamins, and other cofactors in order to function properly. Because of the many chemicals (a.k.a. "metabolites") that may be involved, metabolic pathways can be quite elaborate. In addition, numerous distinct pathways co-exist within a cell. This collection of pathways is called the metabolic network. Pathways are important to the maintenance of homeostasis within an organism. Catabolic (break-down) and Anabolic (synthesis) pathways often work interdependently to create new biomolecules as the final end-products." [Metabolic pathway. Wikipedia]
The biochemical diagram example "Metabolic pathway map" was created using the ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software extended with the Biology solution from the Science and Education area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
Catabolic pathways
Catabolic pathways, proteins, polysaccharides, oxidative phosphorylation, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NADH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NAD, monosaccharides, fatty acids, fats, energy generation, digestion, citric acid cycle, tricarboxylic acid cycle, TCA cycle, Krebs cycle, amino acids, adenosine triphosphate, ATP, adenosine diphosphate, ADP, acetyl coenzyme A,

biological image,  biology drawing,  biology symbols Biology

biological image,  biology drawing,  biology symbols
Biology solution extends ConceptDraw PRO software with samples, templates and libraries containing biological vector symbols, to help you create scientific and educational designs in the field of biology.
This biochemical chart display how proteins, polysaccharides and fats from food are digested into gastrointestinal tract into aminoacids, monosaccharides and fatty acids, and then broken down and oxidized to carbon dioxide and water in cellular processes of energy generation.
This metabolic pathway map was redesigned from Wikipedia file: Catabolism schematic.svg. [en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/ File:Catabolism_ schematic.svg]
The biochemical diagram example "Catabolism schematic" was created using the ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software extended with the Biology solution from the Science and Education area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
Catabolic pathway map
Catabolic pathway map, proteins, polysaccharides, oxidative phosphorylation, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NADH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NAD, monosaccharides, fatty acids, fats, citric acid cycle, tricarboxylic acid cycle, TCA cycle, Krebs cycle, amino acids, adenosine triphosphate, ATP, adenosine diphosphate, ADP, acetyl coenzyme A,
"Citric acid cycle (tricarboxylic acid cycle, TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)." [Citric acid cycle. Wikipedia]
This biochemical diagram example shows metabolic pathways map of citric acid cycle reactions.
This sample was redesigned from the Wikimedia Commons file: TCA cycle.svg. [commons.wikimedia.org/ wiki/ File:TCA_ cycle.svg]
This image is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported license. [creativecommons.org/ licenses/ by/ 3.0/ deed.en]
The metabolic pathway map example "Citric acid cycle (TCA cycle)" was created using the ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software extended with the Biology solution from the Science and Education area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
Tricarboxylic acid cycle
Tricarboxylic acid cycle, α-ketoglutarate, alpha-ketoglutarate, alpha-ketoglutaric acid, α-ketoglutaric acid, water, succinyl-CoA, succinyl-coenzyme A, SucCoA, succinate, succinic acid, butanedioic acid, spirit of amber, phosphate, phosphoric acid, orthophosphoric acid, dihydrogen phosphate, hydrogen phosphate, oxaloacetate, oxaloacetic acid, oxalacetic acid, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NAD, guanosine-5'-triphosphate, GTP, guanosine triphosphate, guanosine-5'-diphosphate, GDP, guanosine diphosphate, fumarate, fumaric acid, trans-butenedioic acid, flavin adenine dinucleotide, FADH2, flavin adenine dinucleotide, FAD, coenzyme Q10, ubiquinone, ubidecarenone, coenzyme Q, CoQ10, CoQ, Q10, citric acid, citrate, citric acid cycle, tricarboxylic acid cycle, TCA cycle, Krebs cycle, carbon dioxide, acetyl coenzyme A, L-malate, malate, malic acid, L-malic acid, D-isocitrate, D-isocitric acid, isocitrate, isocitric acid, Coenzyme A,
The vector stencils library " Biochemistry of metabolism" contains 46 metabolite symbols for drawing metabolic pathways maps, biochemical diagrams and metabolism process flow charts using the ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software.
"Metabolites are the intermediates and products of metabolism. The term metabolite is usually restricted to small molecules. Metabolites have various functions, including fuel, structure, signaling, stimulatory and inhibitory effects on enzymes, catalytic activity of their own (usually as a cofactor to an enzyme), defense, and interactions with other organisms (e.g. pigments, odorants, and pheromones). A primary metabolite is directly involved in normal "growth", development, and reproduction. Alcohol is an example of a primary metabolite produced in large-scale by industrial microbiology. A secondary metabolite is not directly involved in those processes, but usually has an important ecological function. Examples include antibiotics and pigments such as resins and terpenes etc. ...
The metabolome forms a large network of metabolic reactions, where outputs from one enzymatic chemical reaction are inputs to other chemical reactions." [Metabolite. Wikipedia]
The shapes example "Design elements - Biochemistry of metabolism" is included in the Biology solution from the Science and Education area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
Metabolic pathway symbols
Metabolic pathway symbols, water, urea cycle, urea, pyruvic acid, proteins, pool, nitrogen, polysaccharides, oxygen, oxidative phosphorylation, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NADH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NAD, monosaccharides, lipids, lactic acid, glycogen, glucose 6-phosphate, glucose, fatty acids, glycerol, fatty acids, fats, electron transport chain, ETC, citric acid cycle, tricarboxylic acid cycle, TCA cycle, Krebs cycle, carbon dioxide, carbohydrates, beta-oxydation, ammonia, amino acids, adenosine triphosphate, ATP, adenosine diphosphate, ADP, acetyl coenzyme A,
The vector stencils library "Citric acid cycle (TCA cycle)" contains 26 symbols of metabolites for drawing metabolic pathway maps and biochemical shematic diagrams of the citric acid cycle (TCA cycle, tricarboxylic acid cycle, Krebs cycle) and diagrams of metabolism processes.
"The citric acid cycle - also known as the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle), or the Krebs cycle, - is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically.
The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid (a type of tricarboxylic acid) that is consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. In addition, the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the oxidation of nutrients to produce usable chemical energy in the form of ATP." [Citric acid cycle. Wikipedia]
The shapes example "Design elements - TCA cycle" is included in the Biology solution from the Science and Education area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
Tricarboxylic acid cycle (Krebs cycle) symbols
Tricarboxylic acid  cycle (Krebs cycle) symbols , α-ketoglutarate, alpha-ketoglutarate, alpha-ketoglutaric acid, α-ketoglutaric acid, water, succinyl-CoA, succinyl-coenzyme A, SucCoA, succinate, succinic acid, butanedioic acid, spirit of amber, phosphate, phosphoric acid, orthophosphoric acid, dihydrogen phosphate, hydrogen phosphate, oxaloacetate, oxaloacetic acid, oxalacetic acid, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NADH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NAD, guanosine-5'-triphosphate, GTP, guanosine triphosphate, guanosine-5'-diphosphate, GDP, guanosine diphosphate, fumarate, fumaric acid, trans-butenedioic acid, flavin adenine dinucleotide, FADH2, flavin adenine dinucleotide, FAD, coenzyme Q10, ubiquinone, ubidecarenone, coenzyme Q, CoQ10, CoQ, Q10, citric acid, citrate, citric acid cycle, tricarboxylic acid cycle, TCA cycle, Krebs cycle, carbon dioxide, acetyl coenzyme A, L-malate, malate, malic acid, L-malic acid, D-isocitrate, D-isocitric acid, isocitrate, isocitric acid, Coenzyme A,
"Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose into pyruvate. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)." [Glycolysis. Wikipedia]
This biochemical diagram was redesigned from Wikimedia file: Glycolysis overview.svg. [commons.wikimedia.org/ wiki/ File:Glycolysis_ overview.svg]
The glucose metabolism diagram example "Glycolysis overview" was created using the ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software extended with the Biology solution from the Science and Education area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
Glycolysis pathway map
Glycolysis pathway map, water, pyruvic acid, pyruvate, phosphoenolpyruvic acid, PEP, phosphoenolpyruvate, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NADH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NAD, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, triose phosphate, 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde, G3P, GADP, GAP, TP, GALP, PGAL, glucose, D-glucose, dextrose, grape sugar, glucose 6-phosphate, Robison ester, glucose 6-phosphate, fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, Harden-Young ester, dihydroxyacetone phosphate, DHAP, glycerone phosphate, adenosine triphosphate, ATP, adenosine diphosphate, ADP, 3-phosphoglyceric acid, 3PG, glycerate 3-phosphate, GP, 2-phosphoglyceric acid, 2PG, 2-phosphoglycerate, 13-bisphosphoglyceric acid, 13-bisphosphoglycerate, 13BPG,
The vector stencils library "Carbohydrate metabolism" contains 25 icons of metabolite symbols.
Use these shapes for drawing carbohydrate metabolism schematics, biochemical diagrams and metabolic pathways maps.
"Carbohydrates are a superior short-term fuel for organisms because they are simpler to metabolize than fats or those amino acids (components of proteins) that can be used for fuel. In animals, the most important carbohydrate is glucose. The concentration of glucose in the blood is used as the main control for the central metabolic hormone, insulin. Starch, and cellulose in a few organisms (e.g., some animals ... and ... microorganisms), both being glucose polymers, are disassembled during digestion and absorbed as glucose. Some simple carbohydrates have their own enzymatic oxidation pathways, as do only a few of the more complex carbohydrates. The disaccharide lactose, for instance, requires the enzyme lactase to be broken into its monosaccharides components; many animals lack this enzyme in adulthood." [Carbohydrate metabolism. Wikipedia]
The shapes example "Design elements - Carbohydrate metabolism" is included in the Biology solution from the Science and Education area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
Carbohydrate metabolite symbols
Carbohydrate metabolite symbols, pyruvic acid, pyruvate, phosphoenolpyruvic acid, PEP, phosphoenolpyruvate, lactic acid, lactate, milk acid, glycolysis, glycerate, glyceric acid, glyceraldehyde, glyceric aldehyde
, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, triose phosphate, 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde, G3P, GADP, GAP, TP, GALP, PGAL, glucose, D-glucose, dextrose, grape sugar, glucose 6-phosphate, Robison ester, gluconolactone, ghlucono delta-lactone, GDL, gluconic acid, gluconate, fructose 6-phosphate, fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, Harden-Young ester, dihydroxyacetone phosphate, DHAP, glycerone phosphate, acetyl coenzyme A, acetyl-CoA, acetic acid, acetate, ethanoic acid, Entner-Doudoroff pathway phosphorylating, Entner-Doudoroff pathway non-phosphorylating
, 6-phosphogluconolactone, 6-phosphoglucono-δ-lactone, 6-phosphogluconic acid, 6-phosphogluconate, 3-phosphoglyceric acid, 3PG, glycerate 3-phosphate, GP, 2-phosphoglyceric acid, 2PG, 2-phosphoglycerate, 2-keto-3-deoxygluconate, KDG, 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate,  2-keto-3-deoxy-D-gluconic acid, 2-keto-3-deoxy-D-gluconate, 3-deoxy-2-oxo-D-gluconate, 2-keto-3-deoxygluconate, 3-deoxy-D-erythro-hex-2-ulosonic acid, 2-keto-3-deoxy-6-phosphogluconate, KDPG, 13-bisphosphoglyceric acid, 13-bisphosphoglycerate, 13BPG,