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Organic Chemistry Symbols

ConceptDraw DIAGRAM diagramming and vector drawing software extended with Chemistry solution from the Science and Education area of ConceptDraw Solution Park is effective for drawing various organic chemistry schemes, diagrams, illustrations thanks to the included collection of predesigned organic chemistry symbols.

Chemical Engineering

ConceptDraw DIAGRAM is a powerful diagramming and vector drawing software. Extended with Chemical and Process Engineering Solution from the Industrial Engineering Area of ConceptDraw Solution Park, it became the best Chemical Engineering software.

chemical drawings, chemistry equation symbols, chemical drawing software Chemistry

chemical drawings, chemistry equation symbols, chemical drawing software
This solution extends ConceptDraw DIAGRAM software with samples, template and libraries of vector stencils for drawing the Chemistry Illustrations for science and education.
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How to Draw Chemistry Structures

Making chemistry drawings for science and education purposes involves many different elements that can be managed using ConceptDraw DIAGRAM. ConceptDraw Chemistry solution can be used as a tool for creating chemical schemes and diagrams of chemical lab set-ups and labware, formulas, reaction schemes, and molecular structures. With ConceptDraw DIAGRAM you can easily create and communicate chemistry drawings of any complexity.

Chemistry Symbols and Meanings

Chemistry solution offers 5 libraries with large collection of vector chemistry symbols and meanings, chemistry equation symbols, organic chemistry symbols, and chemical clipart: Chemical Elements Library, Chemical Drawings Library, Conformations Library, Laboratory Equipment Library, Periodic Table of Chemical Elements Library.

Chemistry Drawings

ConceptDraw DIAGRAM diagramming and vector drawing software extended with Chemistry solution from the Science and Education area is a powerful chemistry drawing software that is ideal for quick and easy designing of various: chemistry drawings, scientific and educational chemistry illustrations, schemes and diagrams of chemical and biological lab set-ups, images with chemical formulas, molecular structures, chemical reaction schemes, schemes of labware,
that can be then successfully used in the field of science and education, on various conferences, and so on.

Chemistry Equation Symbols

If you are related with chemistry in you work or education activity, you need often draw various illustrations with chemistry equations. ConceptDraw DIAGRAM diagramming and vector drawing software offers you the Chemistry solution from the Science and Education area.
Chemistry solution provides the Chemical Drawings Library with large quantity of vector chemistry equation symbols to help you create professional looking chemistry diagrams quick and easy.

Chemistry Drawing Software

ConceptDraw DIAGRAM extended with Chemistry solution from the Science and Education area is a powerful chemistry drawing software that provides the useful tools to help you design all kinds of chemistry drawings and illustrations, chemical schemes and diagrams of formulas, reaction schemes and lab set-ups of any complexity.

chemical engineering, process engineering, process flow diagram symbols, process and instrumentation diagram, process diagrams Chemical and Process Engineering

chemical engineering, process engineering, process flow diagram symbols, process and instrumentation diagram, process diagrams
This chemical engineering solution extends ConceptDraw DIAGRAM.9.5 (or later) with process flow diagram symbols, samples, process diagrams templates and libraries of design elements for creating process and instrumentation diagrams, block flow diagrams (BFD
The vector stencils library "Periodic table of chemical elements" contains 119 icon symbols of chemical elements for drawing Mendeleev's periodic table, chemical diagrams, infographics and illustrations.
"A chemical element is a pure chemical substance consisting of a single type of atom distinguished by its atomic number, which is the number of protons in its atomic nucleus. Elements are divided into metals, metalloids, and non-metals. Familiar examples of elements are carbon, nitrogen, oxygen (non-metals), silicon, arsenic (metalloids), aluminium, iron, copper, gold, mercury, and lead (metals).
The lightest chemical elements, including hydrogen, helium and smaller amounts of lithium, beryllium and boron, are thought to have been produced by various cosmic processes during the Big Bang and cosmic-ray spallation. Production of heavier elements, from carbon to the very heaviest elements, proceeded by stellar nucleosynthesis, and these were made available for later solar system and planetary formation by planetary nebulae and supernovae, which blast these elements into space. The high abundance of oxygen, silicon, and iron on Earth reflects their common production in such stars. While most elements are generally stable, a small amount of natural transformation of one element to another also occurs in the decay of radioactive elements as well as other natural nuclear processes." [Chemical element. Wikipedia]
The chemical symbols example "Design elements - Periodic table of chemical elements" was created using the ConceptDraw PRO software extended with the Chemistry solution from the Science and Education area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
Mendeleev periodic table icons
Mendeleev periodic table icons, zirconium, Zr, zinc, Zn, yttrium, Y, ytterbium, Yb, xenon, Xe, vanadium, V, uranium, U, ununtrium, Uut, ununseptium, Uus, ununpentium, Uup, ununoctium, Uuo, tungsten, W, titanium, Ti, tin, Sn, thulium, Tm, thorium, Th, thallium, Tl, terbium, Tb, tellurium, Te, technetium, Tc, tantalum, Ta, sulfur, S, strontium, Sr, sodium, Na, silver, Ag, silicon, Si, selenium, Se, seaborgium, Sg, scandium, Sc, samarium, Sm, rutherfordium, Rf, ruthenium, Ru, rubidium, Rb, roentgenium, Rg, rhodium, Rh, rhenium, Re, radon, Rn, radium, Ra, protactinium, Pa, promethium, Pm, praseodymium, Pr, potassium, K, polonium, Po, plutonium, Pu, platinum, Pt, phosphorus, P, palladium, Pd, oxygen, O, osmium, Os, nobelium, No, nitrogen, N, niobium, Nb, nickel, Ni, neptunium, Np, neon, Ne, neodymium, Nd, molybdenum, Mo, mercury, Hg, mendelenium, Md, meitnerium, Mt, manganese, Mn, magnesium, Mg, lutetium, Lu, livermorium, Lv, lithium, Li, lead, Pb, lawrencium, Lr, lanthanum, La, krypton, Kr, iron, Fe, iridium, Ir, iodine, I, indium, In, hydrogen, H, holmium, Ho, helium, He, hassium, Hs, hafnium, Hf, gold, Au, germanium, Ge, gallium, Ga, gadolinium, Gd, francium, Fr, fluorine, F, flerovium, Fl, fermium, Fm, europium, Eu, erbium, Er, einsteinium, Es, dysprosium, Dy, dubnium, Db, darmstadtium, Ds, curium, Cm, copper, Cu, copernicium, Cn, cobalt, Co, chromium, Cr, chlorine, Cl, cerium, Ce, carbon, C, californium, Cf, calcium, Ca, caesium, Cs, cadmium, Cd, bromine, Br, boron, B, bohrium, Bh, bismuth, Bi, berylium, Be, berkelium, Bk, barium, Ba, astatine, At, arsenic, As, argon, Ar, antimony, Sb, americium, Am, aluminium, Al, actinium, Ac,
The vector stencils library "Chemical drawings" contains 81 symbols of organic compounds and functional groups for chemical drawing.
Use it to draw structural formulas of organic molecules, schemes of chemical reactions and organic chemistry diagrams.
"Structural drawings.
Organic molecules are described more commonly by drawings or structural formulas, combinations of drawings and chemical symbols. The line-angle formula is simple and unambiguous. In this system, the endpoints and intersections of each line represent one carbon, and hydrogen atoms can either be notated explicitly or assumed to be present as implied by tetravalent carbon. The depiction of organic compounds with drawings is greatly simplified by the fact that carbon in almost all organic compounds has four bonds, nitrogen three, oxygen two, and hydrogen one. ...
Organic reactions.
Organic reactions are chemical reactions involving organic compounds. While pure hydrocarbons undergo certain limited classes of reactions, many more reactions which organic compounds undergo are largely determined by functional groups. The general theory of these reactions involves careful analysis of such properties as the electron affinity of key atoms, bond strengths and steric hindrance. These issues can determine the relative stability of short-lived reactive intermediates, which usually directly determine the path of the reaction.
The basic reaction types are: addition reactions, elimination reactions, substitution reactions, pericyclic reactions, rearrangement reactions and redox reactions. ...
Each reaction has a stepwise reaction mechanism that explains how it happens in sequence - although the detailed description of steps is not always clear from a list of reactants alone.
The stepwise course of any given reaction mechanism can be represented using arrow pushing techniques in which curved arrows are used to track the movement of electrons as starting materials transition through intermediates to final products." [Organic chemistry. Wikipedia]
The chemical symbols example "Design elements - Chemical drawings" was created using the ConceptDraw PRO software extended with the Chemistry solution from the Science and Education area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
Chemical symbols
Chemical symbols, δ-, delta minus, electronegativity, δ+, delta plus, delta positive, Δ, delta, wedged bond, bond, wavy bond, reaction arrows, reversible reaction, plus, pentose ring, pentose, minus, methyl group, methyl, CH3, hydrogen, H, hollow wedged bond, bond, hashed wedged bond, bond, hashed bond, bond, dative bond, bond, dashed bond, cyclopropane, cyclopentane, cyclopentadienyl, cyclopentadiene, cyclooctane, cyclohexane, cycloheptane, cyclobutane, carbon, bond, covalent bond, triple bond, bond, covalent bond, single bond, bond, covalent bond, double bond, bond, bold bond, benzene, Kekule structure, benzene ring, benzene, OH, NO2, NH2, COOH, COH, CO, CH2, CH,
The vector stencils library "Chemical engineering" contains 24 symbols of chemical and process engineering equipment.
Use these shapes for drawing block flow diagrams (BFD), process flow diagrams (PFD), piping and instrumentation diagrams (P&ID), and water flow diagrams.
"Chemical engineering is a branch of engineering that applies the natural (or experimental) sciences (e.g., chemistry and physics) and life sciences (e.g. biology, microbiology and biochemistry) together with mathematics and economics to production, transformation, transportation and proper usage of chemicals, materials and energy. It essentially deals with the engineering of chemicals, energy and the processes that create and/ or convert them. Modern chemical engineers are concerned with processes that convert raw-materials or (cheap)chemicals into more useful or valuable forms. In addition, they are also concerned with pioneering valuable materials and related techniques – which are often essential to related fields such as nanotechnology, fuel cells and bioengineering. Within chemical engineering, two broad subgroups include design, manufacture, and operation of plants and machinery in industrial chemical and related processes ("chemical process engineers") and development of new or adapted substances for products ranging from foods and beverages to cosmetics to cleaners to pharmaceutical ingredients, among many other products ("chemical product engineers")." [Chemical engineering. Wikipedia]
The example "Design elements - Chemical engineering" was created using the ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software extended with the Chemical and Process Engineering solution from the Engineering area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
Chemical engineering symbols
Chemical engineering symbols, vessel, venturi, flow nozzle, vapor, vertical, jacketed vessel, vaporizing equipment, vapor, horizontal, jacketed vessel, vaporizing equipment, valve, in-line, tower, bubble tower, sparge, process vessel, tank truck, tank car, screen, separating equipment, roll press, roll-type press, size-enlargement equipment, pump mixer, agitated-line, mixing equipment, propeller, mixing blade, motor valve, valve, kettle, reboiler, heat exchanging equipment, instrument, instrumentation, flash drum, knockout drum, process vessel, fan, centrifugal fan, evaporator, circulating evaporator, electrostatic precipitator, bag filter, separating equipment, cooling tower, auxiliary facility, clarifier, thickener, separating equipment, centrifugal pump, blower, rotary blower, agitator, radial turbine agitated tank, mixing equipment,
The vector stencils library "Chemical elements" contains 118 icon symbols of chemical elements for drawing atoms, structural formulas and ball-and-stick models of inorganic and organic molecules and ions, and schemes of chemical reaction mechanisms.
"In chemistry, the ball-and-stick model is a molecular model of a chemical substance which is to display both the three-dimensional position of the atoms and the bonds between them. The atoms are typically represented by spheres, connected by rods which represent the bonds. Double and triple bonds are usually represented by two or three curved rods, respectively. In a good model, the angles between the rods should be the same as the angles between the bonds, and the distances between the centers of the spheres should be proportional to the distances between the corresponding atomic nuclei. The chemical element of each atom is often indicated by the sphere's color." [Ball-and-stick model. Wikipedia]
The chemical symbols example "Design elements - Chemical elements" was created using the ConceptDraw PRO software extended with the Chemistry solution from the Science and Education area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
Chemical element icons
Chemical element icons, zirconium, Zr, zinc, Zn, yttrium, Y, ytterbium, Yb, xenon, Xe, vanadium, V, uranium, U, ununtrium, Uut, ununseptium, Uus, ununquadium, Uuq, ununpentium, Uup, ununoctium, Uuo, ununhexium, Uuh, ununbium, Uub, tungsten, W, titanium, Ti, tin, Sn, thulium, Tm, thorium, Th, thallium, Tl, terbium, Tb, tellurium, Te, technetium, Tc, tantalum, Ta, sulfur, S, strontium, Sr, sodium, Na, silver, Ag, silicon, Si, selenium, Se, seaborgium, Sg, scandium, Sc, samarium, Sm, rutherfordium, Rf, ruthenium, Ru, rubidium, Rb, roentgenium, Rg, rhodium, Rh, rhenium, Re, radon, Rn, radium, Ra, protactinium, Pa, promethium, Pm, praseodymium, Pr, potassium, K, polonium, Po, plutonium, Pu, platinum, Pt, phosphorus, P, palladium, Pd, oxygen, O, osmium, Os, nobelium, No, nitrogen, N, niobium, Nb, nickel, Ni, neptunium, Np, neon, Ne, neodymium, Nd, molybdenum, Mo, mercury, Hg, mendelenium, Md, meitnerium, Mt, manganese, Mn, magnesium, Mg, lutetium, Lu, lithium, Li, lead, Pb, lawrencium, Lr, lanthanum, La, krypton, Kr, iron, Fe, iridium, Ir, iodine, I, indium, In, hydrogen, holmium, Ho, helium, He, hassium, Hs, hafnium, Hf, gold, Au, germanium, Ge, gallium, Ga, gadolinium, Gd, francium, Fr, fluorine, F, fermium, Fm, europium, Eu, erbium, Er, einsteinium, Es, dysprosium, Dy, dubnium, Db, darmstadtium, Ds, curium, Cm, copper, Cu, cobalt, Co, chromium, Cr, chlorine, Cl, cerium, Ce, carbon, C, californium, Cf, calcium, Ca, caesium, Cs, cadmium, Cd, bromine, Br, boron, B, bohrium, Bh, bismuth, Bi, berylium, Be, berkelium, Bk, barium, Ba, astatine, At, arsenic, As, argon, Ar, antimony, Sb, americium, Am, aluminium,Al, actinium, Ac,
The vector stencils library "Chemical elements" contains 118 icon symbols of chemical elements.
Use these shapes for drawing atoms, structural formulas of inorganic and organic molecules and ions, and schemes of chemical reaction mechanisms in the ConceptDraw PRO diagramming and vector drawing software extended with the Chemistry solution from the Science and Education area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
www.conceptdraw.com/ solution-park/ science-education-chemistry
Hydrogen (H)
Hydrogen (H), hydrogen,
Helium (He)
Helium (He), helium, He,
Lithium (Li)
Lithium (Li), lithium, Li,
Berylium (Be)
Berylium (Be), berylium, Be,
Boron (B)
Boron (B), boron, B,
Carbon (C)
Carbon (C), carbon, C,
Nitrogen (N)
Nitrogen (N), nitrogen, N,
Oxygen (O)
Oxygen (O), oxygen, O,
Fluorine (F)
Fluorine (F), fluorine, F,
Neon (Ne)
Neon (Ne), neon, Ne,
Sodium (Na)
Sodium (Na), sodium, Na,
Magnesium (Mg)
Magnesium (Mg), magnesium, Mg,
Aluminium (Al)
Aluminium (Al), aluminium,Al,
Silicon (Si)
Silicon (Si), silicon, Si,
Phosphorus (P)
Phosphorus (P), phosphorus, P,
Sulfur (S)
Sulfur (S), sulfur, S,
Chlorine (Cl)
Chlorine (Cl), chlorine, Cl,
Argon (Ar)
Argon (Ar), argon, Ar,
Potassium (K)
Potassium (K), potassium, K,
Calcium (Ca)
Calcium (Ca), calcium, Ca,
Scandium (Sc)
Scandium (Sc), scandium, Sc,
Titanium (Ti)
Titanium (Ti), titanium, Ti,
Vanadium (V)
Vanadium (V), vanadium, V,
Chromium (Cr)
Chromium (Cr), chromium, Cr,
Manganese (Mn)
Manganese (Mn), manganese, Mn,
Iron (Fe)
Iron (Fe), iron, Fe,
Cobalt (Co)
Cobalt (Co), cobalt, Co,
Nickel (Ni)
Nickel (Ni), nickel, Ni,
Copper (Cu)
Copper (Cu), copper, Cu,
Zinc (Zn)
Zinc (Zn), zinc, Zn,
Gallium (Ga)
Gallium (Ga), gallium, Ga,
Germanium (Ge)
Germanium (Ge), germanium, Ge,
Arsenic (As)
Arsenic (As), arsenic, As,
Selenium (Se)
Selenium (Se), selenium, Se,
Bromine (Br)
Bromine (Br), bromine, Br,
Krypton (Kr)
Krypton (Kr), krypton, Kr,
Rubidium (Rb)
Rubidium (Rb), rubidium, Rb,
Strontium (Sr)
Strontium (Sr), strontium, Sr,
Yttrium (Y)
Yttrium (Y), yttrium, Y,
Zirconium (Zr)
Zirconium (Zr), zirconium, Zr,
Niobium (Nb)
Niobium (Nb), niobium, Nb,
Molybdenum (Mo)
Molybdenum (Mo), molybdenum, Mo,
Technetium (Tc)
Technetium (Tc), technetium, Tc,
Ruthenium (Ru)
Ruthenium (Ru), ruthenium, Ru,
Rhodium (Rh)
Rhodium (Rh), rhodium, Rh,
Palladium (Pd)
Palladium (Pd), palladium, Pd,
Silver (Ag)
Silver (Ag), silver, Ag,
Cadmium (Cd)
Cadmium (Cd), cadmium, Cd,
Indium (In)
Indium (In), indium, In,
Tin (Sn)
Tin (Sn), tin, Sn,
Antimony (Sb)
Antimony (Sb), antimony, Sb,
Tellurium (Te)
Tellurium (Te), tellurium, Te,
Iodine (I)
Iodine (I), iodine, I,
Xenon (Xe)
Xenon (Xe), xenon, Xe,
Caesium (Cs)
Caesium (Cs), caesium, Cs,
Barium (Ba)
Barium (Ba), barium, Ba,
Hafnium (Hf)
Hafnium (Hf), hafnium, Hf,
Tantalum (Ta)
Tantalum (Ta), tantalum, Ta,
Tungsten (W)
Tungsten (W), tungsten, W,
Rhenium (Re)
Rhenium (Re), rhenium, Re,
Osmium (Os)
Osmium (Os), osmium, Os,
Iridium (Ir)
Iridium (Ir), iridium, Ir,
Platinum (Pt)
Platinum (Pt), platinum, Pt,
Gold (Au)
Gold (Au), gold, Au,
Mercury (Hg)
Mercury (Hg), mercury, Hg,
Thallium (Tl)
Thallium (Tl), thallium, Tl,
Lead (Pb)
Lead (Pb), lead, Pb,
Bismuth (Bi)
Bismuth (Bi), bismuth, Bi,
Polonium (Po)
Polonium (Po), polonium, Po,
Astatine (At)
Astatine (At), astatine, At,
Radon (Rn)
Radon (Rn), radon, Rn,
Francium (Fr)
Francium (Fr), francium, Fr,
Radium (Ra)
Radium (Ra), radium, Ra,
Rutherfordium (Rf)
Rutherfordium (Rf), rutherfordium, Rf,
Dubnium (Db)
Dubnium (Db), dubnium, Db,
Seaborgium (Sg)
Seaborgium (Sg), seaborgium, Sg,
Bohrium (Bh)
Bohrium (Bh), bohrium, Bh,
Hassium (Hs)
Hassium (Hs), hassium, Hs,
Meitnerium (Mt)
Meitnerium (Mt), meitnerium, Mt,
Darmstadtium (Ds)
Darmstadtium (Ds), darmstadtium, Ds,
Roentgenium (Rg)
Roentgenium (Rg), roentgenium, Rg,
Ununbium (Uub)
Ununbium (Uub), ununbium, Uub,
Ununtrium (Uut)
Ununtrium (Uut), ununtrium, Uut,
Ununquadium (Uuq)
Ununquadium (Uuq), ununquadium, Uuq,
Ununpentium (Uup)
Ununpentium (Uup), ununpentium, Uup,
Ununhexium (Uuh)
Ununhexium (Uuh), ununhexium, Uuh,
Ununseptium (Uus)
Ununseptium (Uus), ununseptium, Uus,
Ununoctium (Uuo)
Ununoctium (Uuo), ununoctium, Uuo,
Lanthanum (La)
Lanthanum (La), lanthanum, La,
Cerium (Ce)
Cerium (Ce), cerium, Ce,
Praseodymium (Pr)
Praseodymium (Pr), praseodymium, Pr,
Neodymium (Nd)
Neodymium (Nd), neodymium, Nd,
Promethium (Pm)
Promethium (Pm), promethium, Pm,
Samarium (Sm)
Samarium (Sm), samarium, Sm,
Europium (Eu)
Europium (Eu), europium, Eu,
Gadolinium (Gd)
Gadolinium (Gd), gadolinium, Gd,
Terbium (Tb)
Terbium (Tb), terbium, Tb,
Dysprosium (Dy)
Dysprosium (Dy), dysprosium, Dy,
Holmium (Ho)
Holmium (Ho), holmium, Ho,
Erbium (Er)
Erbium (Er), erbium, Er,
Thulium (Tm)
Thulium (Tm), thulium, Tm,
Ytterbium (Yb)
Ytterbium (Yb), ytterbium, Yb,
Lutetium (Lu)
Lutetium (Lu), lutetium, Lu,
Actinium (Ac)
Actinium (Ac), actinium, Ac,
Thorium (Th)
Thorium (Th), thorium, Th,
Protactinium (Pa)
Protactinium (Pa), protactinium, Pa,
Uranium (U)
Uranium (U), uranium, U,
Neptunium (Np)
Neptunium (Np), neptunium, Np,
Plutonium (Pu)
Plutonium (Pu), plutonium, Pu,
Americium (Am)
Americium (Am), americium, Am,
Curium (Cm)
Curium (Cm), curium, Cm,
Berkelium (Bk)
Berkelium (Bk), berkelium, Bk,
Californium (Cf)
Californium (Cf), californium, Cf,
Einsteinium (Es)
Einsteinium (Es), einsteinium, Es,
Fermium (Fm)
Fermium (Fm), fermium, Fm,
Mendelenium (Md)
Mendelenium (Md), mendelenium, Md,
Nobelium (No)
Nobelium (No), nobelium, No,
Lawrencium (Lr)
Lawrencium (Lr), lawrencium, Lr,

Process Flow Diagram Symbols

Chemical and Process Engineering solution contains variety predesigned process flow diagram elements relating to instrumentation, containers, piping and distribution necessary for chemical engineering, and can be used to map out chemical processes or easy creating various Chemical and Process Flow Diagrams in ConceptDraw DIAGRAM.
The vector stencils library "Laboratory equipment" contains 31 clipart icons of chemical laboratory equipment and labware for drawing part assembly and mounting schemes of glassware apparatus in chemical experiment diagrams and illustrations.
"Laboratory glassware refers to a variety of equipment, traditionally made of glass, used for scientific experiments and other work in science, especially in chemistry and biology laboratories. ...
Glass use in laboratory applications is not as commonplace as it once was because of cheaper, less breakable, plasticware; however, certain applications still require glassware because glass is relatively inert, transparent, heat-resistant, and easy to customize. The type of glass used is dependent on the application. Borosilicate glass, which is commonly used in reagent bottles, can withstand thermal stress. Quartz glass, which is common in cuvettes, can withstand high temperatures and is transparent in certain parts of the electromagnetic spectrum. Darkened brown or amber (actinic) glass, which is common in dark storage bottles, can block ultraviolet and infrared radiation. Heavy-wall glass, which is common in glass pressure reactors, can withstand pressurized applications." [Laboratory glassware. Wikipedia]
The chemical symbols example "Design elements - Laboratory equipment" was created using the ConceptDraw PRO software extended with the Chemistry solution from the Science and Education area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
Labware
Labware, water faucet, vacuum adapter, thermometer, stemmed funnel, stemless funnel, steam nozzle, steam bath, short condenser, condenser, Liebig condenser, water-cooled, separatory funnel, separation funnel, separating funnel, sep funnel, oil bath, long condenser, condenser, Liebig condenser, water-cooled, hot plate, heating mantle, isomantle, gas nozzle, filter paper, distillation adapter, boiling flask, beaker, Griffin beaker, Vigreux column, distillation column, fractionating column, fractionation column, Hirsch funnel, Erlenmeyer flask, conical flask, Erlenmeyer flask, Claisen adapter, Büchner flask, vacuum flask, filter flask, side-arm flask, Kitasato flask, suction flask, Bunsen burner, Buchner funnel,

Interactive Training Tool

Interactive Training via presentations is used widely in education. This is a frequently used tool on training, especially for remote training via Skype.
The vector stencils library "Aromatics" contains 23 symbols of aromatic rings for chemical drawing of molecular structural formulas and reaction mechanism schemes in organic chemistry.
"In organic chemistry, aromaticity is a chemical property describing the way in which a conjugated ring of unsaturated bonds, lone pairs, or empty orbitals exhibits a stabilization stronger than would be expected by the stabilization of conjugation alone. ... Aromaticity can also be considered a manifestation of cyclic delocalization and of resonance. This is usually considered to be because electrons are free to cycle around circular arrangements of atoms that are alternately single- and double-bonded to one another. These bonds may be seen as a hybrid of a single bond and a double bond, each bond in the ring identical to every other. This commonly seen model of aromatic rings, namely the idea that benzene was formed from a six-membered carbon ring with alternating single and double bonds (cyclohexatriene), was developed by Kekulé (see History section below). The model for benzene consists of two resonance forms, which corresponds to the double and single bonds superimposing to give rise to six one-and-a-half bonds. Benzene is a more stable molecule than would be expected without accounting for charge delocalization. ... Types of aromatic compounds. The overwhelming majority of aromatic compounds are compounds of carbon, but they need not be hydrocarbons. 1. Neutral homocyclics. Benzene, as well as most other annulenes (cyclodecapentaene excepted) with the formula CnHn where n is an even number, such as cyclotetradecaheptaene. 2. Heterocyclics. In heterocyclic aromatics (heteroaromats), one or more of the atoms in the aromatic ring is of an element other than carbon. This can lessen the ring's aromaticity, and thus (as in the case of furan) increase its reactivity. Other examples include pyridine, pyrazine, imidazole, pyrazole, oxazole, thiophene, and their benzannulated analogs (benzimidazole, for example). 3. Polycyclics. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are molecules containing two or more simple aromatic rings fused together by sharing two neighboring carbon atoms (see also simple aromatic rings). Examples are naphthalene, anthracene, and phenanthrene. 4. Substituted aromatics. Many chemical compounds are aromatic rings with other functional groups attached. Examples include trinitrotoluene (TNT), acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin), paracetamol, and the nucleotides of DNA. 5. Atypical aromatic compounds. Aromaticity is found in ions as well: the cyclopropenyl cation (2e system), the cyclopentadienyl anion (6e system), the tropylium ion (6e), and the cyclooctatetraene dianion (10e). Aromatic properties have been attributed to non-benzenoid compounds such as tropone. Aromatic properties are tested to the limit in a class of compounds called cyclophanes. A special case of aromaticity is found in homoaromaticity where conjugation is interrupted by a single sp³ hybridized carbon atom. When carbon in benzene is replaced by other elements in borabenzene, silabenzene, germanabenzene, stannabenzene, phosphorine or pyrylium salts the aromaticity is still retained. Aromaticity also occurs in compounds that are not carbon-based at all. Inorganic 6-membered-ring compounds analogous to benzene have been synthesized. Hexasilabenzene (Si6H6) and borazine (B3N3H6) are structurally analogous to benzene, with the carbon atoms replaced by another element or elements. In borazine, the boron and nitrogen atoms alternate around the ring." [Aromaticity. Wikipedia]
The organic compound structural formulas example "Aromatics - Vector stencils library" was created using the ConceptDraw PRO software extended with the Chemistry solution from the Science and Education area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
Biphenyl
Biphenyl, diphenyl,
Pyrene
Pyrene, pyrene,
Triphenylene
Triphenylene, triphenylene,
Phenanthrene
Phenanthrene, phenanthrene,
Anthracene
Anthracene, anthracene,
Acenaphthylene
Acenaphthylene, acenaphthylene,
Naphthalene
Naphthalene, naphthalene,
Indene
Indene, indene,
Indene
Indene, indene,
Indene
Indene, indene,
Indene
Indene, indene,
Cyclopentadiene
Cyclopentadiene, cyclopentadiene,
1,3-Cyclohexadiene
1,3-Cyclohexadiene, cyclohexadiene,
Cyclohexadiene
Cyclohexadiene, cyclohexadiene,
1,4-Cyclohexadiene
1,4-Cyclohexadiene, cyclohexadiene,
Cyclohexene
Cyclohexene, cyclohexene-1,
Cyclohexadiene 2
Cyclohexadiene 2, cyclohexadiene,
Cyclopentadiene 2
Cyclopentadiene 2, cyclopentadiene,
Cyclopentene
Cyclopentene, cyclopentene, cyclopentene-1,
Cyclopentadiene 3
Cyclopentadiene 3, cyclopentadiene,
Cyclobutadiene
Cyclobutadiene, cyclobutadiene,
Cyclopropene
Cyclopropene, cyclopropene-1, cyclopropene,
Phenalene
Phenalene, phenalene,
The vector stencils library "Conformations" contains 32 symbols of ring conformations, Newman and Fisher projections for chemical and biochemical drawing the molecular models and structural formulas of organic molecules and biochemical metabolites. It is useful in stereochemistry for drawing spatial structures of conformers of organic molecules, and schemes of stereospecific chemical reactions in organic synthesis.
"In chemistry, conformational isomerism is a form of stereoisomerism in which the isomers can be interconverted exclusively by rotations about formally single bonds (refer to figure on single bond rotation). Such isomers are generally referred to as conformational isomers or conformers and, specifically, as rotamers. Rotations about single bonds are restricted by a rotational energy barrier which must be overcome to interconvert one conformer to another. Conformational isomerism arises when the rotation about a single bond is relatively unhindered. That is, the energy barrier must be small enough for the interconversion to occur.
Conformational isomers are thus distinct from the other classes of stereoisomers (i. e. configurational isomers) where interconversion necessarily involves breaking and reforming of chemical bonds. For example, L- & D and R- & S- configurations of organic molecules have different handedness and optical activities, and can only be interconverted by breaking one or more bonds connected to the chiral atom and reforming a similar bond in a different direction or spatial orientation.
The study of the energetics between different rotamers is referred to as conformational analysis. It is useful for understanding the stability of different isomers, for example, by taking into account the spatial orientation and through-space interactions of substituents. In addition, conformational analysis can be used to predict and explain product(s) selectivity, mechanisms, and rates of reactions." [Conformational isomerism. Wikipedia]
The chemical symbols example "Design elements - Conformations" was created using the ConceptDraw PRO software extended with the Chemistry solution from the Science and Education area of ConceptDraw Solution Park.
Molecular conformations and projections
Molecular conformations and projections, pyranose cycle, pyranose, Haworth formula, monosaccharide, furanose cycle, furanose, Haworth formula, monosaccharide, cyclopropane, cyclopentane, envelope conformation, cyclooctane, equatorial form, cyclooctane, chair conformation, cyclooctane, boat conformation, cyclohexane, twist-chair conformation, cyclohexane, twist-boat conformation, cyclohexane, planar form, cyclohexane, equatorial form, cyclohexane, chair conformation, cyclohexane, boat conformation, cycloheptane, equatorial form, cycloheptane, chair conformation, cycloheptane, boat conformation, cyclobutane, saddle conformation, cyclobutane, conformation, Newman projection formula, Fischer projection formula, monosaccharide,

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